Citation: Yu-Feng YAO, Jia-Yi YUAN, Ming SHEN, Bin DU, Rong XING. Synthesis and Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO Micro/Nano Materials Induced by Amphiphilic Calixarene[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, ;2022, 38(2): 261-273. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2022.022 shu

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO Micro/Nano Materials Induced by Amphiphilic Calixarene

Yu-Feng YAO ^{1, 2, 3} ,
Jia-Yi YUAN ² ,
Ming SHEN ^3,, ,
Bin DU ^{3, 4} ,
Rong XING ²

1.
Center of Analysis and Testing, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224007, China
2.
School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224007, China
3.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
4.
College of Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China

Corresponding author: Ming SHEN, shenming@yzu.edu.cn
Received Date: 25 July 2021
Revised Date: 8 November 2021

Figures(10)

The amphiphilic calixarene, namely propyl resorcinol calix[4]arene (PRCA), hexyl resorcinol calix[4] arene (HRCA), and nonyl resorcinol calix[4]arene (NRCA), was used to induce the preparation of ZnO micro-nano structure under the refluxing condition seperately. The composition, morphology, and microstructure of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, FT-IR, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Rhodamine B was used as a simulated pollutant to investigate the photocatalytic performance of the ZnO micro-nano structure protected by the resorcinol calix[4]arene. The characterization results showed that the size and morphology of ZnO particles could be controlled by the amphiphilic calixarenes which contained more carbon atoms in the linear alkyl chain connecting to the lower edge (HRCA and NRCA). However, the ability to control the morphology of ZnO was weak when without a protective agent and the resorcinol calix[4]arene with a short linear alkyl chain at the lower edge (PRCA). Under simulated sunlight, the photocatalytic efficiency of HRCA-ZnO and NRCA-ZnO was similar and higher than those of ZnO prepared without a protective agent and PRCA-ZnO.
- resorcinol calix[4]arene,
- ZnO,
- rhodamine B,
- photocatalysis,
- active species
1. [1]
  Youssef Z, Colombeau L, Yesmurzayeva N, Baros F. Dye-Sensitized Nanoparticles for Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: Cases Studies with TiO₂, ZnO, Fullerene and Graphene for Water Purification[J]. Dyes Pigm., 2018,159:49-71. doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.06.002
2. [2]
  HOU J H, CAI R, SHEN M, JIANG K. Preparation and Visible Light Photocatalysis of Porous Nanosheet Graphitic Carbon Nitride[J]. Chinese J.Inorg. Chem., 2018,34(3):467-474.
3. [3]
  WU Z Y, LI F J, LI C, ZHU W J, FANG M. Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of Different Morphological ZnO@PANI Nanocomposites[J]. Chinese J. Inorg. Chem., 2013,29(10):2091-2098.
4. [4]
  Zyoud A, Dwikat M, Al-Shakhshir S, Ateeq S, Shteiwi J, Zu'Bi A, Helal M H S, Campet G, Park D, Kwon H, Kim T W, Kharoof M, Shawahna R, Hilal H S. Natural Dye-Sensitized ZnO Nano-Particles as Photo-catalysts in Complete Degradation of E. coli Bacteria and Their Organic Content[J]. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, 2016,328:207-216. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.05.020
5. [5]
  Prabavathy N, Shalini S, Balasundaraprabhu R, Velauthapillai D. Enhancement in the Photostability of Natural Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Applications: A Review[J]. Int. J. Energy Res., 2017,41:1372-1396. doi: 10.1002/er.3703
6. [6]
  Idígoras J, Godfroy M, Joly D, Todinova A, Maldivi P, Oskam G, Demadrille R, Anta J A. Organic Dyes for the Sensitization of Nanostructured ZnO Photoanodes: Effect of the Anchoring Functions[J]. RSC Adv., 2015,5:68929-68938. doi: 10.1039/C5RA11762C
7. [7]
  Radhik S, Thomas J. Solar Light Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants Using ZnO Nanorods Coupled with Photosensitive Molecules[J]. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2017,5:4239-4250. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2017.08.013
8. [8]
  Yao Y Y, Fan J, Shen M, Li W Z, Du B, Li X, Dai J T.. One-Step Synthesis of Hexylresorcinol Calix[4] arene-Capped ZnO-Ag Nanocomposites for Enhanced Degradation of Organic Pollutants[J]. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2019,546:70-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.03.021
9. [9]
  Tunstad L M, Sherman J C, Helgeson R C, Weiser J, Knobler C B, Cram D J, Bryant J A, Dalcanale E, Tucker J A. Host-Guest Complexation. 48. Octol Building Blocks for Cavitands and Carcerands[J]. J. Org. Chem., 1989,54:1305-1312.
10. [10]
  Zhou H, Zhong S T, Shen M, Hou J H, Chen W X. Formamide-Assisted One-Pot Synthesis of a Bi/Bi₂O₂CO₃ Heterojunction Photocatalyst with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity[J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2018,769:301-310. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.08.007
11. [11]
  Zhang P, Wang Y, Zhang D X, Bai H, Tarasov V V. Calixarene-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Composites for Adsorption of Neodymium Ions from the Aqueous Phase[J]. RSC Adv., 2016,66:30384-30394.
12. [12]
  Xu Y, Hao Q, Mandler D. Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine by a Calixarene-Cellulose Acetate Mixed Langmuir-Blodgett Monolayer[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2018,1042:29-36. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.019
13. [13]
  Xu D Q, Bai Y W, Li Z R, Guo Y, Bai L. Enhanced Photodegradation Ability of Solvothermally Synthesized Metallic Copper Coated ZnO Microrods[J]. Colloids Surf. A, 2018,548:19-26. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.03.057
14. [14]
  Gupta J, Barick K C, Bahadur D. Defect Mediated Photocatalytic Activity in Shape-Controlled ZnO Nanostructures[J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2011,509:6725-6730. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.03.157
15. [15]
  Sugiyam K, Esumi K, Koide Y.. Aqueous Properties of Resorcinol-Type Calix[4] arenes Bearing Four Alkyl Side Chains.[J]. Langmuir, 1996,12:6006-6010. doi: 10.1021/la960443+
16. [16]
  Xie Y S, Zhang N, Tang Z R, Anpo M, Xu Y J. Tip-Grafted Ag-ZnO Nanorod Arrays Decorated with Au Clusters for Enhanced Photocatalysis[J]. Catal. Today, 2020,340:121-127. doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.09.010
17. [17]
  Zhang F, Zhang Y C, Zhang G S, Yang Z J, Dionysiou D D. Exceptional Synergistic Enhancement of the Photocatalytic Activity of SnS₂ by Coupling with Polyaniline and N-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide[J]. Appl. Catal. B, 2018,236:53-63. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.05.002
18. [18]
  Hou X, Wang L. Controllable Fabrication and Photocatalysis of ZnO/Au Nanohybrids via Regenerative Ion Exchange and Reduction Cycles[J]. RSC Adv., 2014,45694556951.
19. [19]
  Jayabharathi J, Prabhakaran A, Thanikachalam V, Sundharesan M. Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Light Emitting Diodes: Effect of Ag-Doped ZnO[J]. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, 2016,325:88-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.04.007
20. [20]
  Lou Q P, Yu X Y, Lei B X, Chen H Y, Kuang D B, Su C Y. Reduced Graphene Oxide-Hierarchical ZnO Hollow Sphere Composites with Enhanced Photocurrent and Photocatalytic Activity[J]. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2012,116:8111-8117. doi: 10.1021/jp2113329
21. [21]
  Akhavan O. Graphene Nanomesh by ZnO Nanorod Photocatalysts[J]. ACS Nano, 2010,4:4174-4180. doi: 10.1021/nn1007429
22. [22]
  Xiang Y M, Li J, Liu X M, Cui Z D, Yang X J, Yeung K W K, Pan H B, Wu S L. Construction of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/ZnO Nanorods/Ag Nanoparticles Hybrid Coating on Ti Implants for Enhanced Antibacterial Activity and Biocompatibility[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2017,79:629-637. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.115
23. [23]
  Mu J B, Shao C L, Guo Z C, Zhang Z Y, Zhang M Y, Zhang P, Chen B, Liu Y C. High Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO-Carbon Nanofiber Heteroarchitectures[J]. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2011,3:590-596. doi: 10.1021/am101171a
24. [24]
  Chen T T, Chang I C, Yang M H, Chiu H T, Lee C Y. The Exceptional Photo-Catalytic Activity of ZnO/RGO Composite via Metal and Oxygen Vacancies[J]. Appl. Catal. B, 2013,142-143:442-449. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.05.059
25. [25]
  Han X G, He H Z, Kuang Q, Zhou X, Zhang X H, T Xu, Xie Z X, Zheng L S. Controlling Morphologies and Tuning the Related Properties of Nano/Microstructured ZnO Crystallites[J]. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2009,37:584-589.
26. [26]
  Feng Z Y, Ma Y X, Natarajan V, Zhao Q Q, Ma X C, Zhan J H. In-Situ Generation of Highly Dispersed Au Nanoparticles on Porous ZnO Nanoplates via Ion Exchange from Hydrozincite for VOCs Gas Sensing[J]. Sens. Actuators B, 2018,255:884-890. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2017.08.138
27. [27]
  Mou H Y, Song C X, Zhou Y H, Zhang B, Wang D B. Design and Synthesis of Porous Ag/ZnO Nanosheets Assemblies as Super Photocatalysts for Enhanced Visible-Light Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol and Hydrogen Evolution[J]. Appl. Catal. B, 2018,221:565-573. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.09.061
28. [28]
  Nagaraju G, Udayabhanu , Shivaraj , Prashanth S A, Shastri M, Yathish K V, Anupama C, Rangappa D. Electrochemical Heavy Metal Detection, Photocatalytic, Photoluminescence, Biodiesel Production and Antibacterial Activities of Ag-ZnO Nanomaterial[J]. Mater. Res. Bull., 2017,94:54-63. doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2017.05.043
29. [29]
  Dipak C D, Kalita A, Bardaloi S, Kalita M P C. Influence of Capping Agent on Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of ZnS Nanocrystals[J]. J. Lumin., 2019,210:269-275. doi: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2019.02.033
30. [30]
  Zhou H, Kalware K, Shen M, Zhong S T, Yao Y Y. Formamide-Assisted One-step Synthesis of BiOCOOH and Bi/BiOCOOH Micro-/Nanostructures with Tunable Morphologies and Composition and Their Photocatalytic Activities[J]. CrystEngComm, 2020,22:1368-1380. doi: 10.1039/C9CE01960J
31. [31]
  Ma S L, Zhan S H, Xia Y G, Wang P F, Hou Q L, Zhou Q X. Enhanced Photocatalytic Bactericidal Performance and Mechanism with Novel Ag/ZnO/g-C₃N₄ Composite under Visible Light[J]. Catal. Today, 2019,330:179-188. doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.04.014
32. [32]
  Chen Y, Li J, Zhai B Y, Liang Y N. Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of RhB by Two-Dimensional Composite Photocatalyst[J]. Colloids Surf. A, 2019,568:429-435. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.02.007
33. [33]
  Zeng J, Li Z L, Peng H, Zheng X. Core-Shell Sm₂O₃@ZnO Nano-Heterostructure for the Visible Light Driven Photocatalytic Performance[J]. Colloids Surf. A, 2019,560:244-251. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.10.023
34. [34]
  Guo H, Niu C G, Wen X J, Zhang L, Liang C, Zhang X G, Guan D L, Tang N, Zeng G M. Construction of Highly Efficient and Stable Ternary AgBr/Ag/PbBiO₂Br Z-Scheme Photocatalyst under Visible Light Irradiation: Performance and Mechanism Insight[J]. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2018,513:852-865. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.12.010
35. [35]
  SONG Q, LI L, LUO H X, LIU Y, YANG C L. Hierarchical Nanoflower-Ring Structure Bi₂O₃/(BiO)₂CO₃ Composite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B[J]. Chinese J. Inorg. Chem., 2017,33(7):1161-1171.
36. [36]
  ZHAO J J, ZHANG Z Z, CHEN X L, WANG B, DENG J Y, ZHANG D Q, LI H X. Microwave-Induced Assembly of CuS@MoS₂ Core-Shell Nanotubes and Study on Their Photocatalytic Fenton-like Reactions[J]. Acta Chim. Sinica, 2020,78:961-967.
37. [37]
  LI X W, WANG B, YIN W X, DI J, XIA J X, ZHU W S, LI H M. Cu²⁺ Modified g-C₃N₄ Photocatalysts for Visible Light Photocatalytic Properties[J]. Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin., 2020,36(3):1-10.
38. [38]
  Zhao X H, Su S, Wu G L, Li C Z, Qin Z, Lou X D, Zhou J G. Facile Synthesis of the Flower-like Ternary Heterostructure of Ag/ZnO Encapsulating Carbon Spheres with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance[J]. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2017,406:254-264. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.02.155
39. [39]
  Yu J J, Sun D P, Wang T H, Li F. Fabrication of Ag@AgCl/ZnO Submicron Wire Film Catalyst on Glass Substrate with Excellent Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity and Reusability[J]. Chem. Eng. J., 2018,334:225-236. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.10.003
40. [40]
  Liu L, Luo X, Li Y Z, Xu F, Gao Z B, Zhang X N, Song Y H, Xu H, Li H M. Facile Synthesis of Few-Layer g-C₃N₄/ZnO Composite Photocatalyst for Enhancing Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance of Pollutants Removal[J]. Colloids Surf. A, 2018,537:516-523. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.09.051
41. [41]
  He Z, Sun C, Yang S G, Ding Y C, He H, Wang Z L. Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B by Bi₂WO₆ with Electron Accepting Agent under Microwave Irradiation: Mechanism and Pathway[J]. J. Hazard. Mater., 2009,162:1477-1486. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.047
42. [42]
  Khandekar D C, Bhattacharyya A R, Bandyopadhyaya R. Role of Impregnated Nano-Photocatalyst (Sn_xTi_(1-x)O₂) inside Mesoporous Silica (SBA-15) for Degradation of Organic Pollutant (Rhodamine B) under UV Light[J]. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2019,7103433. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2019.103433
43. [43]
  Yu K, Yang S G, He H, Sun C, Gu C G, Ju Y M. Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B over NaBiO₃: Pathways and Mechanism[J]. J. Phys. Chem. A, 2009,113:10024-10032. doi: 10.1021/jp905173e
1. [1]
  Xia ZHANG , Yushi BAI , Xi CHANG , Han ZHANG , Haoyu ZHANG , Liman PENG , Shushu HUANG . Preparation and photocatalytic degradation performance of rhodamine B of BiOCl/polyaniline. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(5): 913-922. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240255
2. [2]
  Yuanqing Wang , Yusong Pan , Hongwu Zhu , Yanlei Xiang , Rong Han , Run Huang , Chao Du , Chengling Pan . Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Bi₂WO₆ for Organic Pollutants Degradation under the Synergism between Advanced Oxidative Processes and Visible Light Irradiation. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(4): 2304050-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304050
3. [3]
  Bowen Liu , Jianjun Zhang , Han Li , Bei Cheng , Chuanbiao Bie . MOF-derived ZnO/PANI S-scheme heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic phenol mineralization coupled with H₂O₂ generation. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(10): 100121-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100121
4. [4]
  Irshad Ahmad , Yifei Zhang , Ayman Al-Qattan , S. AlFaify , Gao Li . Unlocking the engineering of solar-driven ZnO composites: From fundaments to sustainable and eco-friendly chemical energy. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(11): 100700-100700. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100700
5. [5]
  Xinxin YU , Yongxing LIU , Xiaohong YI , Miao CHANG , Fei WANG , Peng WANG , Chongchen WANG . Photocatalytic peroxydisulfate activation for degrading organic pollutants over the zero-valent iron recovered from subway tunnels. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(5): 864-876. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240438
6. [6]
  Bing Shen , Tongwei Yuan , Wenshuang Zhang , Yang Chen , Jiaqiang Xu . Complex shell Fe-ZnO derived from ZIF-8 as high-quality acetone MEMS sensor. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 109490-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109490
7. [7]
  Deyun Ma , Fenglan Liang , Qingquan Xue , Yanping Liu , Chunqiang Zhuang , Shijie Li . Interfacial engineering of Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S/BiOBr S-scheme heterojunction with oxygen vacancies for effective photocatalytic antibiotic removal. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(12): 100190-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100190
8. [8]
  Tong WANG , Qinyue ZHONG , Qiong HUANG , Weimin GUO , Xinmei LIU . Mn-doped carbon quantum dots/Fe-doped ZnO flower-like microspheres heterojunction: Construction and photocatalytic performance. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(8): 1589-1600. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250011
9. [9]
  Yifan ZHAO , Qiyun MAO , Meijing GUO , Guoying ZHANG , Tongliang HU . Z-scheme bismuth-based multi-site heterojunction: Synthesis and hydrogen production from photocatalytic hydrogen production. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(7): 1318-1330. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250001
10. [10]
  Yadan Luo , Hao Zheng , Xin Li , Fengmin Li , Hua Tang , Xilin She . Modulating reactive oxygen species in O, S co-doped C₃N₄ to enhance photocatalytic degradation of microplastics. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(6): 100052-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100052
11. [11]
  Yu Wang , Haiyang Shi , Zihan Chen , Feng Chen , Ping Wang , Xuefei Wang . 具有富电子Pt^δ−壳层的空心AgPt@Pt核壳催化剂：提升光催化H₂O₂生成选择性与活性. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(7): 100081-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100081
12. [12]
  Yingqi BAI , Hua ZHAO , Huipeng LI , Xinran REN , Jun LI . Perovskite LaCoO₃/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction: Construction and photocatalytic degradation properties. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(3): 480-490. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240259
13. [13]
  Jingzhuo Tian , Chaohong Guan , Haobin Hu , Enzhou Liu , Dongyuan Yang . Waste plastics promoted photocatalytic H₂ evolution over S-scheme NiCr₂O₄/twinned-Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S homo-heterojunction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(6): 100068-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100068
14. [14]
  Jiajie Cai , Chang Cheng , Bowen Liu , Jianjun Zhang , Chuanjia Jiang , Bei Cheng . CdS/DBTSO-BDTO S-scheme photocatalyst for H₂ production and its charge transfer dynamics. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(8): 100084-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100084
15. [15]
  Jingping Li , Suding Yan , Jiaxi Wu , Qiang Cheng , Kai Wang . Improving hydrogen peroxide photosynthesis over inorganic/organic S-scheme photocatalyst with LiFePO₄. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(9): 100104-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100104
16. [16]
  Linfeng Xiao , Wanlu Ren , Shishi Shen , Mengshan Chen , Runhua Liao , Yingtang Zhou , Xibao Li . Enhancing Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution through Electronic Structure and Wettability Adjustment of ZnIn₂S₄/Bi₂O₃ S-Scheme Heterojunction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(8): 2308036-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202308036
17. [17]
  Shijie Li , Ke Rong , Xiaoqin Wang , Chuqi Shen , Fang Yang , Qinghong Zhang . Design of Carbon Quantum Dots/CdS/Ta₃N₅ S-scheme Heterojunction Nanofibers for Efficient Photocatalytic Antibiotic Removal. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2403005-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202403005
18. [18]
  Ke Li , Chuang Liu , Jingping Li , Guohong Wang , Kai Wang . Architecting Inorganic/Organic S-Scheme Heterojunction of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ Coupling with g-C₃N₄ for Photocatalytic H₂O₂ Production from Pure Water. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2403009-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202403009
19. [19]
  Chenye An , Sikandaier Abiduweili , Xue Guo , Yukun Zhu , Hua Tang , Dongjiang Yang . Hierarchical S-scheme Heterojunction of Red Phosphorus Nanoparticles Embedded Flower-like CeO₂ Triggering Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2405019-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202405019
20. [20]
  Ze Luo , Yukun Zhu , Yadan Luo , Guangmin Ren , Yonghong Wang , Hua Tang . Photocatalytic selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural coupled with H₂ evolution over In₂O₃/ZnIn₂S₄ S-scheme heterojunction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2026, 42(3): 100166-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100166

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(7)
Abstract views(1570)
HTML views(369)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142