Solvent-Induced Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Two Mononuclear Er(Ⅲ) Complexes

Jing XI Xiu-Fang MA Yan-Hong XU Hui-Liang ZHOU Yu-Ting ZHOU Xiang-Yu LIU

Citation:  XI Jing, MA Xiu-Fang, XU Yan-Hong, ZHOU Hui-Liang, ZHOU Yu-Ting, LIU Xiang-Yu. Solvent-Induced Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Two Mononuclear Er(Ⅲ) Complexes[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2020, 36(5): 927-932. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.2020.103 shu

溶剂诱导的两例单核Er3+配合物的合成、晶体结构及磁性

    通讯作者: 周惠良, 13995209835@163.com
    刘翔宇, xiangyuliu432@126.com
  • 基金项目:

    国家自然科学基金 .21863009

    国家自然科学基金(No.21863009,21463020),宁夏回族自治区国内一流学科建设项目(No.NXYLXK2017A04)和宁夏回族自治区大学生创新创业训练计划(No.2019107490041)资助

    宁夏回族自治区国内一流学科建设项目 NXYLXK2017A04

    宁夏回族自治区大学生创新创业训练计划 2019107490041

    国家自然科学基金 21463020

摘要: 通过调整溶剂组分的比例,成功合成了2例结构不同的单核Er3+配合物:[Er(bpad)3]·CH3OH·H2O(1)和[Er(bpad)2(H2O)2]NO3·3H2O(2)(Hbpad=N3-苯甲酰吡啶基-2-羰基氨基酰腙)。在甲醇/水(2:1,V/V)的混合溶剂中加入Er(NO33·6H2O、Hbpad和三乙胺反应制得黄色晶体配合物1。配合物2的合成方法与1相似,仅将溶剂组分甲醇和水的体积比调整为1:2。通过红外光谱、元素分析对2例配合物进行了表征。2例配合物在空气中都有良好的稳定性,并在室温下均保持晶体的完整性。晶体结构分析表明,配合物12中的Er3+金属中心分别显示了九配位和八配位环境。配合物1中Er3+离子表现为单帽四方反棱柱构型,而配合物2中Er3+离子呈现了双帽三棱柱构型。此外,2例配合物的直流和交流磁化率测试结果表明,12在零场下均未展示出单分子磁体特征。

English

  • After the discovery of the first single-ion magnet [TbPc2]- (Pc2-=pthalocyanine dianion)[1], lanthanide based complexes have gained momentum in the area of molecular magnetism as they exhibit slow relaxation of magnetization at low temperatures[2-6]. Thanks to their unquenched orbital angular momentum and inherent magnetic anisotropy, the number of lanthanide-based single-molecule magnets (SMMs) reported to-date is increasing exponentially[7-14]. Such molecules hold tremendous application potential in high-density data storage and/or quantum computation due to their magnetic moment bistability. By using geometric design principles to minimize electronic repulsions between the electron densities of the lanthanide ions and the ligands, researchers have prepared SMMs with extremely high barriers and magnetic hysteresis as compared to previous examples[15]. Especially, a breakthrough has been made by Layfield and co-workers in Dy-SIMs, exhibiting magnetic hysteresis at temperatures up to 80 K and a high effective energy barrier of 1 541 cm-1 [16]. While most examples of the rare-earth SMMs are based on the oblate terbium and dysprosium ions (and particularly the latter[17-19]), emerging work has revealed that prolate ions can also engender SMM behavior, with the erbium(Ⅲ) ion being the main choice for such systems[20-22]. The first reported erbium(Ⅲ) mononuclear SMM is the organometallic complex [(Cp)Er(COT)](Cp=penta-methylcyclopentadienide; COT=cyclooctatetraenide), reported by Gao and co-workers, which exhibits two relaxation processes with energy barriers ΔEeff/kB of 197 and 323 K and a butterfly hysteresis loop as high as 5 K[23]. The lack of SMM behavior in the majority of the Er(Ⅲ) complexes and the presence of large TB values in some other Er(Ⅲ)complexes have attracted our attention.

    Existing researches point out that different environments of the magnetic centers generating various crystal fields usually bring about distinct dynamic magnetic relaxation processes; even subtle changes of the coordination pattern can drastically affect the overall magnetic properties of SMMs. It is well-known that the structural formation of a target complex is often perturbed by rational changes of the synthetic conditions such as solvent effect, pH, coun-terions[24-31]. Of particular concern is the tunable solvent effect that usually motivates variable coordination behaviors of metal cations, even in a same reaction system, which can modulate the coordination microe-nvironment and the geometric symmetry of the metallic core[32]. Herein, two monometallic erbium complexes, [Er(bpad)3]·CH3OH·H2O (1) and [Er(bpad)2(H2O)2]NO3·3H2O (2), have been isolated by changing the solvent ratio, with which the Er(Ⅲ) ion is surrounded, leading to a nona-coordinated monocapped square antiprism (C4v) and octa-coordinated biaugmented trigonal prism (C2v) geometries, respectively. In addition, the magnetic properties of complexes 1 and 2 have been investigated.

    The Hbpad ligand was synthesized following a previous reference[33]. Other chemicals were reagent grade and commercially available. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were recorded in a range of 400~4 000 cm-1 using KBr pellets on an EQUINOX55 FT/IR spectrophotometer. Elemental analysis (carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen) was implemented on a PerkinElmer 2400 CHN analyzer. Magnetic measure-ments were accomplished using a Quantum Design MPMS-XL7 SQUID magnetometer on polycrystalline samples (restrained in eicosane to prevent torquing at high fields). The diamagnetic corrections for the complexes were estimated using Pascals constants.

    A mixed CH3OH/H2O solution (15 mL, 2:1, V/V) of triethylamine (0.007 mL, 0.05 mmol) and Hbpad (0.146 g, 0.6 mmol) was stirred for 1 h, and then Er(NO3)3·6H2O (0.091 g, 0.2 mmol) was added. The mixture above was allowed to be stirring for 5 h and shelved after filtration. Yellow crystals of 1 were isolated after 4 days (Yield: 72%, based on Er3+). Anal. Calcd. for C40H39ErN12O5(%): C, 51.38; H, 4.20; N, 17.98. Found(%): C, 51.42; H, 4.25; N, 18.02. IR (KBr, cm-1): 3 442 (w), 1 633 (m), 1 560 (s), 1 521 (s), 1 472 (s), 1 187 (s), 1 436 (m), 1 362 (s), 1 165(w), 1 029(w), 805 (w), 713 (m).

    Complex 2 was prepared by the similar way of 1, while the ratio of CH3OH to H2O is altered to be 1:2 (V/V). Pale yellow crystals of 2 were obtained after 5 days (Yield: 68%, based on Er3+). Anal. Calcd. for C26H32ErN9O10(%): C, 39.14; H, 4.04; N, 15.80. Found(%): C, 39.18; H, 4.07; N, 15.75. IR (KBr, cm-1):3 436 (w), 1 635 (s), 1 585 (s), 1 565 (s), 1 521 (s), 1 479(s), 1 436 (m), 1 393 (s), 1 168 (m), 1 063 (m), 912 (w), 743 (m), 710 (s).

    Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data for complexes1 and 2 were collected on a Bruker SMART APEX CCD diffractometer equipped with graphite-mono-chromated Mo radiation (λ=0.071 073 nm). Data processing and absorption corrections were acco-mplished using SAINT and SADABS[34]. The structures were solved by direct methods and refined against F 2 by full-matrix least-squares with SHELXTL program[35]. All non-hydrogen atoms were refined with anisotropic thermal parameters. All hydrogen atoms were positioned geometrically and refined using a riding model. Crystallographic data and refinement parameters are listed in Table 1, while selected interatomic distances and angles for complexes 1 and 2 are given in Table S1 (Supporting information).

    Table 1

    Table 1.  Crystallographic data and refinement parameters for 1 and 2
    下载: 导出CSV
    Complex 1 2
    Empirical formula C40H39ErN12O5 C26H32ErN9O10
    Formula weight 935.09 797.87
    Crystal system Monoclinic Monoclinic
    Space group C2/c P21/n
    a / nm 3.492 68(18) 0.885 17(8)
    b / nm 1.158 68(8) 2.541 6(2)
    c / nm 2.234 55(14) 1.428 89(13)
    β / (°) 112.979(4) 105.107 0(10)
    V / nm3 8.325 4(9) 3.103 6(5)
    Z 8 4
    Dc / (g·cm-3) 1.492 1.708
    μ / mm-1 2.074 2.774
    Crystal size / mm 0.21×0.20×0.19 0.30×0.25×0.13
    Temperature / K 293 296
    Rint 0.041 6 0.022 5
    θ range / (°) 1.27~25.01 1.68~25.01
    Total, unique reflection 20 903, 7 342 15 598, 5 471
    Final R indices [I > 2σ(I)] R1=0.036 3, wR2=0.096 0 R1=0.025 8, wR2=0.056 3
    R indices (all data) R1=0.061 1, wR2=0.121 5 R1=0.038 6, wR2=0.063 0

    CCDC: 1478582, 1; 1478579, 2.

    X-ray determination suggests that both complexes are mononuclear structures. Complexes 1 and 2 belong to the monoclinic C2/c and P21/n space groups, respectively. The Er(Ⅲ) site in the asymmetric unit of 1 is nona-coordinated by three O atoms and six N atoms from three tridentate bpad- ligands (Fig. 1). The average Er-O and Er-N bond lengths are 0.236 1 and 0.254 6 nm, respectively(Table S1). The shortest Er…Er distance between neutral [Er(bpad)3] molecules is 0.955 9 nm. Being compared with 1, a tridentate bpad- ligand are substituted by two coordinated H2O molecules, forming the configuration of 2. Accordingly, the metal center in 2 is bonded by two tridentate bpad- anions and two coordinated H2O units, thus completing the ErN4O4 coordination group (Fig. 1). The average Er-O and Er-N bond lengths are 0.236 5 and 0.247 3 nm, respectively. The closest Er…Er separation between two isolated molecules in 2 is 0.697 1 nm. Evidently, the steric hindrance of H2O in 2 is far less than the bpad- ligand in 1, giving rise to the shorter intermolecular distance in 2 compared to that in 1. Hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions coexist in 1 and 2, yielding a three-dimensional supramolecular structure (Fig.S1).

    Figure 1

    Figure 1.  Crystal structures of 1 (a) and 2 (b) and local coordination geometries of the Er(Ⅲ) ions for 1 (c) and 2 (d)

    To ascertain the precise geometries around the metallic centers and the degree of the distortion from the ideal model for both complexes, the geometric spheres of Er(Ⅲ) cations are calculated by using the SHAPE 2.1 program[36] based on the structural para-meters, and the typical geometric polyhedrons are depicted in Fig. 1. As listed in Table S2, the calculated values illuminate that the Er(Ⅲ) ion in 1 is best described as a monocapped square-antiprism (C4v) with moderate distortions from the ideal geometry. By contrast, the Er(Ⅲ) nodes in 2 represent a biaugmented trigonal prism (C2v).

    In order to understand the consequence of this ligand architecture on the local anisotropy of Er(Ⅲ) ion, magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed with a SQUID magnetometer on freshly prepared ground polycrystalline samples of 1 and 2 sealed under N2 to prevent sample degradation. Direct current magnetic susceptibility measurements were conducted in a temperature range of 1.8~300 K under an applied dc field of 0.1 T (Fig. 2). The room temperature χMT values of 11.58 and 11.37 cm3·K·mol-1 for 1 and 2, respectively, are in good agreement with the theoretical value of 11.48 cm3·K·mol-1 for a mononuclear Er(Ⅲ) (4I15/2, S=3/2, L=6, gJ=6/5) complex. Upon decrease of the temperature, the χMT product remained nearly constant then decreased gradually between 100 and 50 K. Below 50 K, there was a sharp decrease reaching the minimums of 5.25 and 5.58 cm3·K·mol-1 for 1 and 2 at 1.8 K, respectively. Such behavior is resulted from significant anisotropy as seen in some highly anisotropic complexes or weak antiferromagnetic dipolar coupling between the mono-tnuclear groups[37-38]. Isothermal magnetization curves at 1.8 K exhibited saturation for 1 and 2 with values of 4.77 and 4.44 (Fig.S2), respectively, which prominently deviate from the saturated value of 10. The non-saturation as well as the non-superimposition of iso-temperature lines in the M vs H/T plot also confirm the presence of significant magnetic anisotropy in 1 and 2 (Fig. 2, Inset). Therefore, alternating-current magnetic susceptibility measurements for complexes 1 and 2 were carried out under 0 dc field in a range of 1.8~20 K and a frequency of 1 000 Hz (Fig.S3). Unfortunately, no out-of-phase ( χM″) signal was observed until the temperature dropped to 1.8 K, suggesting a fast quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM) through the spin-reversal barrier and the inexistence of SMM behavior in the absence of extra field. To gain insight into the relationship between configuration and magnetic relaxation behavior, structural and magnetic parameters of some Er(Ⅲ) complexes are summarized in Table S3[23, 39-47]. It is observed that the ligand field design plays a crucial role for the observance of SMM behavior in Er(Ⅲ) complexes. The sandwich-type ligand geometry leads to a higher symmetry environ-ment around the Er(Ⅲ) sites, thus exhibiting a superior magnetic property. The case with low-coordinated Er(Ⅲ) center may also act as a potential candidate for high-performant SMMs. In contrast, the seven or eight coordinated Er ions adverse to the zero-field slow magnetic relaxation.

    Figure 2

    Figure 2.  Plots of χMT vs T for 1 (a) and 2 (b)

    This work reports the synthesis of two mononuclear Er(Ⅲ) complexes by means of solvent effect and the characterizations of them. For 1, the coordination geometry of Er(Ⅲ) core in N6O3 motif could be best identified as a monocapped square-antiprism (C4v), while the configuration of Er(Ⅲ) ion in 2 is surrounded by a biaugmented trigonal prism (C2v) with N4O4 group. Magnetic studies unveil that the performance of slow magnetic relaxation is absent in these systems, owing to the possible QTM which can usually be efficiently suppressed by a DC field. The related follow-up tests are under way. The impetus for the case presented herein is to exploit the potential of synthesizing Er-based single-molecule magnets, further studies following this guideline are in progress.


    Supporting information is available at http://www.wjhxxb.cn
    1. [1]

      Ishikawa N, Sugita M, Ishikawa T, et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125:8694-8695 doi: 10.1021/ja029629n

    2. [2]

      Takamatsu S, Ishikawa T, Koshihara S, et al. Inorg. Chem., 2007, 46:7250-7252 doi: 10.1021/ic700954t

    3. [3]

      Gatteschi D, Sessoli R, Villain J. Molecular Nanomagnets. Oxford:Oxford University Press, 2006.

    4. [4]

      Christou G, Gatteschi D, Hendrickson D N, et al. MRS Bull., 2000, 25:66-71

    5. [5]

      Sessoli R, Gatteschi D, Caneschi A, et al. Nature, 1993, 365:141-143 doi: 10.1038/365141a0

    6. [6]

      Ishikawa N. Polyhedron, 2007, 26:2147-2153 doi: 10.1016/j.poly.2006.10.022

    7. [7]

      Woodruff D N, Winpenny R E P, Layfield R A. Chem. Rev., 2013, 113:5110-5148 doi: 10.1021/cr400018q

    8. [8]

      李东平, 王倩, 谢一步, 等.无机化学学报, 2018, 34(8):1547-1554LI Dong-Ping, WANG Qian, XIE Yi-Bu, et al. Chinese J. Inorg. Chem., 2018, 34(8):1547-1554

    9. [9]

      Liu X Y, Ma X F, Yuan W Z, et al. Inorg. Chem., 2018, 57:14843-14851 doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02602

    10. [10]

      Woodruff D N, Tuna F, Bodensteiner M, et al. Organometallics, 2012, 32:1224-1229

    11. [11]

      Zhang P, Zhang L, Xue S F, et al. Chin. Sci. Bull., 2012, 57:2517-2524 doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-5242-8

    12. [12]

      王慧娜, 刘颖昕, 李荣, 等.无机化学学报, 2016, 32(2):343-350WANG Hui-Na, LIU Ying-Xin, LI Rong, et al. Chinese J. Inorg. Chem., 2016, 32(2):343-350

    13. [13]

      Rinehart J D, Long J R. Chem. Sci., 2011, 2:2078-2085 doi: 10.1039/c1sc00513h

    14. [14]

      Sessoli R, Powell A K. Coord. Chem. Rev., 2009, 253:2328-2341 doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.12.014

    15. [15]

      Rinehart J D, Fang M, Evans W J, et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133:14236-14239 doi: 10.1021/ja206286h

    16. [16]

      Guo F S, Day B M, Chen Y C, et al. Science, 2018, 362:1400-1403 doi: 10.1126/science.aav0652

    17. [17]

      Zhang P, Guo Y N, Tang J. Coord. Chem. Rev., 2013, 257:1728-1763 doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.01.012

    18. [18]

      Ma X F, Chen B B, Zhang Y Q, et al. Dalton. Trans., 2019, 48:12622-12631 doi: 10.1039/C9DT02758K

    19. [19]

      葛景园, 陈忠研, 马建平, 等.无机化学学报, 2018, 34(9):1761-1767GE Jing-Yuan, CHEN Zhong-Yan, MA Jian-Ping, et al. Chinese J. Inorg. Chem., 2018, 34(9):1761-1767

    20. [20]

      Kühne I A, Ungur L, Esien K, et al. Dalton. Trans., 2019, 48:15679-15686 doi: 10.1039/C9DT02434D

    21. [21]

      Feng M, Lyu B H, Wang M H, et al. Inorg. Chem., 2019, 58:10694-10703 doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00616

    22. [22]

      Pedersen K S, Ungur L, Sigrist M, et al. Chem. Sci., 2014, 5:1650-1660 doi: 10.1039/C3SC53044B

    23. [23]

      Jiang S D, Wang B W, Sun H L, et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133:4730-4733 doi: 10.1021/ja200198v

    24. [24]

      Zhang X, Vieru V, Feng X, et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2015, 54:9861-9865 doi: 10.1002/anie.201503636

    25. [25]

      Liu X Y, Li F F, Ma X H, et al. Dalton. Trans., 2017, 46:1207-1217 doi: 10.1039/C6DT04108F

    26. [26]

      马晓慧, 李菲菲, 岑培培, 等.无机化学学报, 2017, 33(9):1639-1648 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315487415_Tuning_of_Exchange_Coupling_and_Switchable_Magnetization_Dynamics_by_Displacing_the_Bridging_Ligands_Observed_in_Two_Dimeric_ManganeseIII_CompoundsMA Xiao-Hui, LI Fei-Fei, CEN Pei-Pei, et al. Chinese J. Inorg. Chem., 2017, 33(9):1639-1648 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315487415_Tuning_of_Exchange_Coupling_and_Switchable_Magnetization_Dynamics_by_Displacing_the_Bridging_Ligands_Observed_in_Two_Dimeric_ManganeseIII_Compounds

    27. [27]

      Cen P P, Zhang S, Liu X Y, et al. Inorg. Chem., 2017, 56:3644-3656 doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00057

    28. [28]

      Duan C W, Hu L X, Ma J L. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2018, 6:6309-6318 doi: 10.1039/C8TA00533H

    29. [29]

      Ma X H, Liu Y, Song W M, et al. Dalton. Trans., 2018, 47:12092-12104 doi: 10.1039/C8DT02335B

    30. [30]

      孙琳, 刘怀贤, 周惠良, 等.无机化学学报, 2015, 31(6):1207-1214SUN Lin, LIU Huai-Xian, ZHOU Hui-Liang, et al. Chinese J. Inorg. Chem., 2015, 31(6):1207-1214

    31. [31]

      Liu B, Zhou H F, Hou L, et al. Inorg. Chem., 2016, 55:8871-8880 doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01416

    32. [32]

      Jiang Y, Brunet G, Holmberg R J, et al. Dalton. Trans., 2016, 45:16709-16715 doi: 10.1039/C6DT03366K

    33. [33]

      van Koningsbruggen P J, Haasnoot J G, de Graaff R A G, et al. Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1995, 234:87-94 doi: 10.1016/0020-1693(95)04487-T

    34. [34]

      Sheldrick G M. SADABS, Program for Empirical Absorption Correction for Area Detector Data, University of Göttingen, Germany, 1996.

    35. [35]

      Sheldrick G M. SHELXS-2014 and SHELXL-2014: Program for Crystal Structure Determination, University of Göttingen, Germany, 2014.

    36. [36]

      Llunell M, Casanova D, Cirera J, et al. SHAPE, Ver.2.1, University of Barcelona, Spain, 2013.

    37. [37]

      Rinehart J D, Fang M, Evans W J, et al. Nat. Chem., 2011, 3:538-542 doi: 10.1038/nchem.1063

    38. [38]

      Zadrozny J M, Xiao D J, Atanasov M, et al. Nat. Chem., 2013, 5:577-581 doi: 10.1038/nchem.1630

    39. [39]

      Le Roy J J, Korobkov I, Murugesu M. Chem. Commun., 2014, 50:1602-1604 doi: 10.1039/C3CC48557A

    40. [40]

      Ungur L, Le Roy J J, Korobkov I, et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53:4413-4417 doi: 10.1002/anie.201310451

    41. [41]

      Le Roy J J, Ungur L, Korobkov I, et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014, 136:8003-8010 doi: 10.1021/ja5022552

    42. [42]

      Meihaus K R, Long J R. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135:17952-17957 doi: 10.1021/ja4094814

    43. [43]

      AlDamen M A, Clemente-Juan J M, Coronado E, et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130:8874-8875 doi: 10.1021/ja801659m

    44. [44]

      Xu W, Zhou Y, Huang D, et al. Cryst. Growth Des., 2013, 13:5420-5432 doi: 10.1021/cg401391b

    45. [45]

      Pointillart F, Le Guennic B, Cauchy T, et al. Inorg. Chem., 2013, 52:5978-5990 doi: 10.1021/ic400253m

    46. [46]

      Zhang P, Zhang L, Wang C, et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014, 136:4484-4487 doi: 10.1021/ja500793x

    47. [47]

      Sun W B, Han B L, Lin P H, et al. Dalton. Trans., 2013, 42:13397-13403 doi: 10.1039/c3dt51227d

  • Figure 1  Crystal structures of 1 (a) and 2 (b) and local coordination geometries of the Er(Ⅲ) ions for 1 (c) and 2 (d)

    Figure 2  Plots of χMT vs T for 1 (a) and 2 (b)

    Table 1.  Crystallographic data and refinement parameters for 1 and 2

    Complex 1 2
    Empirical formula C40H39ErN12O5 C26H32ErN9O10
    Formula weight 935.09 797.87
    Crystal system Monoclinic Monoclinic
    Space group C2/c P21/n
    a / nm 3.492 68(18) 0.885 17(8)
    b / nm 1.158 68(8) 2.541 6(2)
    c / nm 2.234 55(14) 1.428 89(13)
    β / (°) 112.979(4) 105.107 0(10)
    V / nm3 8.325 4(9) 3.103 6(5)
    Z 8 4
    Dc / (g·cm-3) 1.492 1.708
    μ / mm-1 2.074 2.774
    Crystal size / mm 0.21×0.20×0.19 0.30×0.25×0.13
    Temperature / K 293 296
    Rint 0.041 6 0.022 5
    θ range / (°) 1.27~25.01 1.68~25.01
    Total, unique reflection 20 903, 7 342 15 598, 5 471
    Final R indices [I > 2σ(I)] R1=0.036 3, wR2=0.096 0 R1=0.025 8, wR2=0.056 3
    R indices (all data) R1=0.061 1, wR2=0.121 5 R1=0.038 6, wR2=0.063 0
    下载: 导出CSV
  • 加载中
计量
  • PDF下载量:  2
  • 文章访问数:  698
  • HTML全文浏览量:  46
文章相关
  • 发布日期:  2020-05-10
  • 收稿日期:  2019-11-15
  • 修回日期:  2020-03-13
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

/

返回文章