Citation: Yang Xu, Dun Li, Jia-bin Shen, Shao-yun Guo, Hung-Jue Sue. Research Progress in Scratch Behaviors of Polymeric Materials[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, ;2018, 0(10): 1262-1278. doi: 10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2018.18089 shu

Research Progress in Scratch Behaviors of Polymeric Materials

Yang Xu ¹ ,
Dun Li ¹ ,
Jia-bin Shen ¹ ,
Shao-yun Guo ^1,, ,
Hung-Jue Sue ²

1.
Polymer Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065
2.
Polymer Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843-3123, USA

Corresponding author: Shao-yun Guo, nic7702@scu.edu.cn;nic7702@scu.edu.cn
Received Date: 22 March 2018
Revised Date: 11 April 2018
Available Online: 4 July 2018

With their broad application of polymer materials in optical, packaging, automotive, decorating areas and so on, the demand for their surface quality is becoming higher. Different from frictional wearing, scratching is a special mechanical deformation and failure process caused by a hard tip which is normally compressed on a material and quickly moved across its surface and subsurface. It has been widely demonstrated that the aesthetics, integrity and durability of most polymer materials are susceptible to damage by scratching even under low contact loads. Therefore, the scratch resistance as one of the basic mechanical performances for polymeric materials has caught significant and increasing attention in both academic and industrial areas in recent 15 years. Commonly, the scratching process contains a rapidly changing three-dimensional stress field due to the fast tip movement and can be performed by applying different tip geometries or dimensions. To evaluate and detect the scratch behaviors of a polymeric product qualitatively and quantitatively, several measuring techniques and standards have been established. In general, the scratch deformation can be divided into initial damage (ploughing), periodic damage (wedge formation) and material removal stages. To improve the scratch resistance, it is necessary to comprehensively understand the relationship to the structures and morphologies of the polymeric materials as well as various measuring conditions, such as the scratching rate, normal load, humidity and temperature, etc. In this brief review, the progress in recent studies on scratch behaviors of polymeric materials is presented. The main contents include the measuring and analyzing methodologies for evaluating the scratch resistance, the failure patterns and deformation mechanisms corresponding to different damage stages occurring in a scratch process, the intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing the scratch behaviors, and the modification strategies for resisting the scratch deformation. At last, the perspective of the fundamental studies in this field is concluded as well.
- Polymer materials,
- Surface,
- Scratch,
- Structure and property
1. [1]
  ISO 19252:2008, Plastics−Determination of Scratch Properties
2. [2]
  ASTM D7027-13, Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Scratch Resistance of Polymeric Coatings and Plastics Using an Instrumented Scratch Machine
3. [3]
  Pan Rongrong
4. [4]
  Zhang Lijuan
5. [5]
  Wong M, Lim G T, Moyse A, Reddy J N, Sue H J. Wear, 2004, 256(11-12): 1214 − 1227
6. [6]
  Xiang C, Sue H J, Chu J, Coleman B. J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys, 2001, 39(1): 47 − 59
7. [7]
  Chu J, Xiang C, Sue H J, Hollis R D. Polym Eng Sci, 2000, 40(4): 944 − 955
8. [8]
  Xiang C, Sue H J, Chu J, Masuda K. Polym Eng Sci, 2001, 41(1): 23 − 31
9. [9]
  Lei F, Hamdi M, Liu P, Li P, Mullins M, Wang H, Li J, Krishnamoorti R, Guo S, Sue H. Polymer, 2017, 112: 252 − 263
10. [10]
  Jiang H, Browning R, Sue H. Polymer, 2009, 50(16): 4056 − 4065
11. [11]
  Jiang H, Browning R L, Hossain M M, Sue H, Fujiwara M. Appl Surf Sci, 2010, 256(21): 6324 − 6329
12. [12]
  Djabella H. Thin Solid Films, 1992, 213(2): 205 − 219
13. [13]
  Hamilton G M, Goodman L E. J Appl Mech-T, 1966, 33(2): 371 − 376
14. [14]
  Hamilton G M. P I Mech Eng C-J Mec, 1983, 197(1): 53 − 59
15. [15]
  Lim G T, Wong M H, Reddy J N, Sue H J. J Coat Technol Res, 2005, 2(5): 361 − 369
16. [16]
  Browning R, Hossain M M, Li J, Jones S, Sue H. Tribol Int, 2011, 44(9): 1024 − 1031
17. [17]
  Li K J, Ni B Y, Li J C M. J Mater Res, 1996, 11(6): 1574 − 1580
18. [18]
  Zhang S L, Li J. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct, 2003, 344(1-2): 182 − 189
19. [19]
  Zhang S L, Nishizoe K. Tribol Lett, 2004, 16(1-2): 73 − 79
20. [20]
  Jiang H, Cheng Q, Jiang C, Zhang J, Li Y. Tribol Int, 2015, 91: 1 − 5
21. [21]
  Jiang H, Zhang J, Yang Z, Jiang C, Kang G. Int J Solids Struct, 2017, 124: 215 − 228
22. [22]
  Baietto M C, Rannou J, Gravouil A, Pelletier H, Gauthier C, Schirrer R. Tribol Int, 2011, 44(11): 1320 − 1328
23. [23]
  Liang Y, Sue H, Minkwitz R. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012, 126(3): 1088 − 1096
24. [24]
  Hossain M M, Browning R, Minkwitz R, Sue H. Tribol Lett, 2012, 47(1): 113 − 122
25. [25]
  Hossain M M, Jiang H, Sue H. Wear, 2011, 270(11-12): 751 − 759
26. [26]
  Chu J, Rumao L, Coleman B. Polym Eng Sci, 1998, 38(11): 1906 − 1914
27. [27]
  Jiang H, Lim G T, Reddy J N, Whitcomb J D, Sue H. J Polym Sci, Part B: Polym Phys, 2007, 45(12): 1435 − 1447
28. [28]
  Zhang J, Jiang H, Jiang C, Kang G, Kan Q, Li Y. Polym Eng Sci, 2018, 58(1): 118 − 122
29. [29]
  Bucaille J L, Felder E, Hochstetter G. J Tribol-T Asme, 2004, 126(2): 372 − 379
30. [30]
  Bucaille J L, Gauthier C, Felder E, Schirrer R. Wear, 2006, 260(7-8): 803 − 814
31. [31]
  Pelletier H, Krier J, Gauthier C. Proced Eng, 2011, 10: 1772 − 1778
32. [32]
  Hossain M M, Minkwitz R, Sue H. Polym Eng Sci, 2013, 53(7): 1405 − 1413
33. [33]
  Moghbelli E, Browning R L, Boo W J, Hahn S F, Feick L J E, Sue H J. Tribol Int, 2008, 41(5SI): 425 − 433
34. [34]
  Browning R, Sue H, Minkwitz R, Charoensirisomboon P. Polym Eng Sci, 2011, 51(11SI): 2282 − 2294
35. [35]
  Hamdi M, Puopolo M, Pham H, Sue H. Tribol Int, 2016, 103: 412 − 422
36. [36]
  Zhu Z, Cheng Q, Jiang C, Zhang J, Jiang H. Wear, 2016, 352-353: 155 − 159
37. [37]
  Cheng Q, Jiang C, Zhang J, Yang Z, Zhu Z, Jiang H. Tribol Int, 2016, 101: 110 − 114
38. [38]
  Jiang H, Browning R, Fincher J, Gasbarro A, Jones S, Sue H. Appl Surf Sci, 2008, 254(15): 4494 − 4499
39. [39]
  Liang Y, Moghbelli E, Sue H, Minkwitz R, Stark R. Polymer, 2012, 53(2): 604 − 612
40. [40]
  Hossain M M, Jahnke E, Boeckmann P, Guriyanova S, Minkwitz R, Sue H. Tribol Int, 2016, 99: 248 − 257
41. [41]
  Hossain M M, Moghbelli E, Jahnke E, Boeckmann P, Guriyanova S, Sander R, Minkwitz R, Sue H. Polymer, 2015, 63: 71 − 81
42. [42]
  Carrión-Vilches F J, González-Vivas A, Martínez-Mateo I J, Bermúdez M D. Tribol Int, 2015, 92: 365 − 378
43. [43]
  Hadal R, Dasari A, Rohrmann J, Misra R. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct, 2004, 380(1-2): 326 − 339
44. [44]
  Hamdi M, Zhang X, Sue H. Wear, 2017, 380-381: 203 − 216
45. [45]
  Hossain M M, Xiao S, Sue H, Kotaki M. Mater Design, 2017, 128: 143 − 149
46. [46]
  Hare B A, Moyse A, Sue H. J Mater Sci, 2012, 47(3): 1389 − 1398
47. [47]
  Hare B A, Sue H, Liang L Y, Kinigakis P. Polym Eng Sci, 2014, 54(1): 71 − 77
48. [48]
  Gauthier C, Schirrer R. J Mater Sci, 2000, 35(9): 2121 − 2130
49. [49]
  Jardret V, Morel P. Prog Org Coat, 2003, 48(2-4): 322 − 331
50. [50]
  Chivatanasoontorn V, Aoki N, Kotaki M. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012, 125(4): 2861 − 2866
51. [51]
  Browning R L, Jiang H, Moyse A, Sue H, Iseki Y, Ohtani K, Ijichi Y. J Mater Sci, 2008, 43(4): 1357 − 1365
52. [52]
  Surampadi N L, Pesacreta T C, Misra R D K. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct, 2007, 456(1-2): 218 − 229
53. [53]
  Browning R, Minkwitz R, Charoensirisomboon P, Sue H. J Mater Sci, 2011, 46(17): 5790 − 5797
54. [54]
  Moghbelli E, Banyay R, Sue H. Tribol Int, 2014, 69: 46 − 51
55. [55]
  Xiao S, Wang H, Hu F, Sue H. Polymer, 2018, 137: 209 − 221
56. [56]
  Kim B, Kim H, Choi B, Lee H. Tribol Int, 2011, 44(12): 2035 − 2041
57. [57]
  Browning R, Lim G T, Moyse A, Sun L Y, Sue H J. Polym Eng Sci, 2006, 46(5): 601 − 608
58. [58]
  Li Y, Chen S, Li X, Wu M, Sun J. ACS Nano, 2015, 9(10): 10055 − 10065
59. [59]
  Zokaei S, Khosh-M R L, Bagheri R. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct, 2007, 445: 526 − 536
60. [60]
  Zhang Q, Huang W, Zhong G. J Appl Polym Sci, 2017, 134(12): 44612
61. [61]
  Bauer F, Ernst H, Decker U, Findeisen M, Glasel H J, Langguth H, Hartmann E, Mehnert R, Peuker C. Macromol Chem Phys, 2000, 201(18): 2654 − 2659
62. [62]
  Bauer F, Sauerland V, Gläsel H J. Macromol Mater Eng, 2002, 287(8): 546 − 552
63. [63]
  Bauer F, Gläsel H, Decker U, Ernst H, Freyer A, Hartmann E, Sauerland V, Mehnert R. Prog Org Coat, 2003, 47(2): 147 − 153
64. [64]
  Stojanović S, Bauer F, Glaesel H J, Mehnert R. Mater Sci Forum, 2004, 453: 473 − 478
65. [65]
  Sangermano M, Messori M, Martin-Gallego M, Rizza G, Voit B. Polymer, 2009, 50(24): 5647 − 5652
66. [66]
  Wang Z Z, Gu P, Zhang Z. Wear, 2010, 269(1-2): 21 − 25
67. [67]
  Sanei M, Mahdavian A R, Torabi S, Salehi-Mobarakeh H. Polym Bull, 2017, 74(5): 1879 − 1898
68. [68]
  Verma G, Kaushik A, Ghosh A K. Adv Mater Res, 2012, 585: 473 − 477
69. [69]
  Mudaliar A, Yuan Q, Misra R D K. Polym Eng Sci, 2006, 46(11): 1625 − 1634
70. [70]
  Dasari A, Yu Z, Mai Y, Kim J. Nanotechnology, 2008, 19(0557085)
71. [71]
  Arribas A, Bermudez M D, Brostow W, Carrion-Vilches F J, Olea-Mejia O. Express Polym Lett, 2009, 3(10): 621 − 629
72. [72]
  Sinha S K, Song T, Wan X, Tong Y. Wear, 2009, 266(7-8): 814 − 821
73. [73]
  Mohamadpour S, Pourabbas B, Fabbri P. Sci Iran, 2011, 18(3): 765 − 771
74. [74]
  Espejo C, Carrion F J, Bermudez M D. Tribol Lett, 2013, 52(2): 271 − 285
75. [75]
  Giraldo L F, Brostow W, Devaux E, López B L, Pérez L D. J Nanosci Nanotechno, 2008, 8(6): 3176 − 3183
76. [76]
  Lopes M C, Ribeiro H, Gonçalves Santos M C, Seara L M, Queiroz Ferreira F L, Lavall R L, Silva G G. J Appl Polym Sci, 2017, 134(2): 44394
77. [77]
  Hu H, Zhao S, Sun G, Zhong Y, You B. Prog Org Coat, 2018, 117: 118 − 129
78. [78]
  Shin K, Hong J, Lee S, Jang J. J Mater Chem, 2012, 22(16): 7871 − 7879
79. [79]
  Song J, Thurber C M, Kobayashi S, Baker A M, Macosko C W, Silvis H C. Polymer, 2012, 53(16): 3636 − 3641
80. [80]
  Berrebi M, Fabre-Francke I, Lavedrine B, Fichet O. Eur Polym J, 2015, 63: 132 − 140
81. [81]
  Seong D, Yeo J, Hwang S. J Ind Eng Chem, 2016, 36: 251 − 254
82. [82]
  Yi L F, Xu Y, Li D, Shen J B, Guo S Y, Sue H J. Ind Eng Chem Res, 2018, 57(12): 4320 − 4328
83. [83]
  Kobayashi Y, Otsuki Y, Kanno H, Hanamoto Y, Kanai T. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011, 120(1): 141 − 147
84. [84]
  Seubert C, Nietering K, Nichols M, Wykoff R, Bollin S. Coatings, 2012, 2(4): 221 − 234
85. [85]
  Boentoro W, Pflug A, Szyszka B. Thin Solid Films, 2009, 517(10): 3121 − 3125
86. [86]
  Yavas H, Selcuk C D O, Ozhan A E S, Durucan C. Thin Solid Films, 2014, 556: 112 − 119
87. [87]
  Le Bail N, Lionti K, Benayoun S, Pavan S, Thompson L, Gervais C, Dubois G, Toury B. New J Chem, 2015, 39(11): 8302 − 8310
88. [88]
  Amerio E, Fabbri P, Malucelli G, Messori M, Sangermano M, Taurino R. Prog Org Coat, 2008, 62(2): 129 − 133
89. [89]
  Fabbri P, Messori M, Toselli M, Veronesi P, Rocha J O, Pilati F. Adv Polym Technol, 2008, 27(2): 117 − 126
90. [90]
  Ellinas K, Pujari S P, Dragatogiannis D A, Charitidis C A, Tserepi A, Zuilhof H, Gogolides E. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2014, 6(9): 6510 − 6524
91. [91]
  Chivatanasoontorn V, Tsukise S, Kotaki M. Polym Eng Sci, 2012, 52(9): 1862 − 1867
92. [92]
  Hamdi M, Sue H. Mater Design, 2015, 83: 528 − 535
93. [93]
  Barr C J, Wang L, Coffey J K, Daver F. J Mater Sci, 2017, 52(3): 1221 − 1234
94. [94]
  Barr C J, Wang L, Coffey J K, Gidley A, Daver F. Wear, 2017, 384: 84 − 94
95. [95]
  White S R, Sottos N R, Geubelle P H, Moore J S, Kessler M R, Sriram S R, Brown E N, Viswanathan S. Nature, 2001, 409(6822): 794
96. [96]
  Cho S H, White S R, Braun P V. Adv Mater, 2009, 21(6): 645 − 649
97. [97]
  Kashif M, Chang Y. J Appl Polym Sci, 2015, 132(8): 41511
98. [98]
  Wang X, Liu F, Zheng X, Sun J. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2011, 50(48): 11378 − 11381
99. [99]
  Wang Y, Li T, Li S, Sun J. Chem Mater, 2015, 27(23): 8058 − 8065
100. [100]
  Bose R K, Hohlbein N, Garcia S J, Schmidt A M, van der Zwaag S. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2015, 17(3): 1697 − 1704
101. [101]
  Ghosh B, Chellappan K V, Urban M W. J Mater Chem, 2011, 21(38): 14473
102. [102]
  Yari H, Mohseni M, Messori M. RSC Adv, 2016, 6(79): 76028 − 76041
103. [103]
  Jo Y Y, Lee A S, Baek K, Lee H, Hwang S S. Polymer, 2017, 124: 78 − 87
104. [104]
  Kim S Y, Lee T H, Park Y I, Nam J H, Noh S M, Cheong I W, Kim J C. Polymer, 2017, 128: 135 − 146
1. [1]
  Yueshuai Xu , Wei Liu , Xudong Chen , Zhikun Zheng . 水相中制备共价有机框架单晶的实验教学设计. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(6): 256-265. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408045
2. [2]
  Haoxiang Zhang , Zhihan Zhao , Yongchen Jin , Zhiqiang Niu , Jinlei Tian . Synthesis of an Efficient Absorbent Gel: A Recommended Comprehensive Chemistry Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 251-258. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202401084
3. [3]
  Wenjian Zhang , Mengxin Fan , Wenwen Fei , Wei Bai . Cultivation of Critical Thinking Ability: Based on RAFT Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 108-112. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202406099
4. [4]
  Rui Xu , Wei Li , Tianyi Li . Exploration of Teaching Reform in the Course of “Principles of Chemical Engineering” in the Polymer Materials and Engineering Major. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 54-58. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404081
5. [5]
  Yuhui Yang , Jintian Luo , Biao Zuo . A Teaching Approach to Polymer Surface and Interface in Undergraduate Polymer Physics Courses. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 126-130. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202408056
6. [6]
  Xuejun Lai , Anqiang Zhang , Tao Wang , Shuizhu Wu , Guangzhao Zhang . Construction and Practice of the First-Class Undergraduate Education Program for Polymer Materials and Engineering Major Students with “Solid Foundation, Strong Capability and High Potential”. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 119-125. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202407012
7. [7]
  Yan Wang , Haolong Li , Chengji Zhao , Zheng Chen , Quan Lin , Yupeng Guo , Jianxin Mu , Kun Liu , Zhong-Yuan Lu , Junqi Sun . Construction Practice of the National First-Class Undergraduate Major in Polymer Materials and Engineering at Jilin University. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 46-53. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403083
8. [8]
  Kai Yang , Gehua Bi , Yong Zhang , Delin Jin , Ziwei Xu , Qian Wang , Lingbao Xing . Comprehensive Polymer Chemistry Experiment Design: Preparation and Characterization of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Materials. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 206-212. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308045
9. [9]
  Wen-Bing Hu . Systematic Introduction of Polymer Chain Structures. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 15-19. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401014
10. [10]
  Laiying Zhang , Yinghuan Wu , Yazi Yu , Yecheng Xu , Haojie Zhang , Weitai Wu . Innovation and Practice of Polymer Chemistry Experiment Teaching for Non-Polymer Major Students of Chemistry: Taking the Synthesis, Solution Property, Optical Performance and Application of Thermo-Sensitive Polymers as an Example. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 213-220. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310126
11. [11]
  Bei Liu , Heng Li , Mei Yang , Yijiang Liu . Teaching Reform and Exploration in Polymer Chemistry with an “Experiment-Intensified” Approach for Masters in Materials and Chemical Engineering. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 10-14. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401010
12. [12]
  Yuan Chun , Yongmei Liu , Fuping Tian , Hong Yuan , Shu'e Song , Wanchun Zhu , Yunchao Li , Zhongyun Wu , Xiaokui Wang , Yunshan Bai , Li Wang , Jianrong Zhang , Shuyong Zhang . Suggestions on Operating Specifications of Physical Chemistry Experiment: Measurement of Colloidal and Surface Chemical Properties, Molecular Structure and Properties. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(5): 178-188. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202503053
13. [13]
  Wenbing Hu , Jin Zhu . Flipped Classroom Approach in Teaching Professional English Reading and Writing to Polymer Graduates. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 128-131. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310015
14. [14]
  Qi Wang , Yicong Gao , Feng Lu , Quli Fan . Preparation and Performance Characterization of the Second Near-Infrared Phototheranostic Probe: A New Design and Teaching Practice of Polymer Chemistry Comprehensive Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 342-349. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404141
15. [15]
  Zhaomei LIU , Wenshi ZHONG , Jiaxin LI , Gengshen HU . Preparation of nitrogen-doped porous carbons with ultra-high surface areas for high-performance supercapacitors. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 677-685. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230404
16. [16]
  Pingping Zhu , Qiang Zhou , Yu Huang , Haiyang Yang , Pingsheng He , Shiyan Xiao . Design and Practice of Ideological and Political Cases in the Course of Polymer Physics Experiments: Molecular Weight Determination of Polymers by Dilute Solution Viscosity Method as an Example. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 94-99. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405170
17. [17]
  Yi Li . Exploring the New Teaching Mode of the General Education of Polymer Science by Integrating Aesthetics, Ideological and Political Ideas: Teaching Practice of the General Education Course “Appreciation of Aesthetics in the Polymer World”. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(4): 20-26. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202402031
18. [18]
  Yuting ZHANG , Zunyi LIU , Ning LI , Dongqiang ZHANG , Shiling ZHAO , Yu ZHAO . Nickel vanadate anode material with high specific surface area through improved co-precipitation method: Preparation and electrochemical properties. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(11): 2163-2174. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240204
19. [19]
  Wenjun Yang , Qiaoling Tan , Wenjiao Xie , Xiaoyu Pan , Youyong Yuan . Construction and Characterization of Calcium Alginate Microparticle Drug Delivery System: A Novel Design and Teaching Practice in Polymer Experiments. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(3): 371-380. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405150
20. [20]
  Xinting XIONG , Zhiqiang XIONG , Panlei XIAO , Xuliang NIE , Xiuying SONG , Xiuguang YI . Synthesis, crystal structures, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and antifungal activity of two complexes Na(Ⅰ)/Cd(Ⅱ) assembled by 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzoic acid ligands. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1661-1670. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240145

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(157)
HTML views(9)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142