Citation: Lei Wang, Panpan Zhang, Zhiyuan Guo, Jing Wang, Jie Ma, Zhi-yong Ji. Electrochemical lithium extraction by the faradaic materials: advances, challenges and enhancement approaches[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2026, 42(1): 100127. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100127 shu

Electrochemical lithium extraction by the faradaic materials: advances, challenges and enhancement approaches

Lei Wang ^{1, 2,,} ,
Panpan Zhang ^{1, 2} ,
Zhiyuan Guo ^{1, 2} ,
Jing Wang ^{1, 2} ,
Jie Ma ^3,, ,
Zhi-yong Ji ^{1, 2,,}

1.
Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
2.
Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
3.
Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

Corresponding author: Lei Wang, wangl0703@163.com Jie Ma, jma@tongji.edu.cn Zhi-yong Ji, jizhiyong@hebut.edu.cn
Received Date: 29 April 2025
Revised Date: 11 June 2025
Accepted Date: 30 June 2025

The rapid growth of the electric vehicle industry has led to a surge in demand for lithium products, driving the development of advanced lithium extraction technologies. Among these, electrochemical lithium extraction has emerged as a promising approach due to its superior lithium selectivity towards competing cations (like Na⁺ and Mg²⁺), high energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Many works about the faradaic materials, operation modes/parameters, and cell configurations have been published. Although some reviews about electrochemical lithium extraction technology have been published, there remains a lack of comprehensive reviews that systematically summarize advancements of faradaic materials employed in lithium extraction, analyze how their nature affects the lithium extraction performance, and elucidate the relationship between performance-enhancing strategies and their impact on critical extraction metrics. Here, we systematically introduce the principle of electrochemical lithium extraction technologies and all the performance indices reported in the literature, including the lithium intercalation capacity, lithium extraction rate, capacity retention, selectivity factor (or purity), energy consumption, and current efficiency. We present a comprehensive analysis of the reported faradaic materials used to extract lithium, involving LiFePO₄, LiMn₂O₄, layered nickel cobalt manganese oxides, Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃, and Li_1.6Mn_1.6O₄, establish the interconnection between their attributes and performance, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of each material. Furthermore, we categorize and evaluate different performance-enhancing strategies, including material-design approaches (e.g., 3D structure fabrication, crystal regulation, element doping, and surface coating) and operation-optimized methods in water-flow direction, circuit operation mode, and operation parameters; we further clarify how each method influences specific aspects of electrochemical lithium extraction performance and the underlying mechanisms responsible for these improvements. The industrialization progress of electrochemical lithium extraction technology based on each faradaic material is reviewed, and the cost of these materials is introduced. By establishing a connection between material design, operational optimization, and performance outcomes, this review aims to provide valuable insights for researchers and engineers working on the next generation of faradaic materials employed in electrochemical lithium extraction and to inspire innovative approaches in faradaic material development and process optimization, paving the way for more sustainable and cost-effective lithium recovery from brines.
- Faradaic materials,
- Lithium extraction,
- Performance enhancement,
- Electrochemical method
1. [1]
  A.-M. Desaulty, D. Monfort Climent, G. Lefebvre, A. Cristiano-Tassi, D. Peralta, S. Perret, A. Urban, C. Guerrot, Nat. Commun. 13 (2022) 4172, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31850-y. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31850-y
2. [2]
  B. Swain, Sep. Purif. Technol. 172 (2017) 388, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.08.031. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.08.031
3. [3]
  A. Z. Haddad, L. Hackl, B. Akuzum, G. Pohlman, J.-F. Magnan, R. Kostecki, Nature 616 (2023) 245, https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-00978-2. doi: 10.1038/d41586-023-00978-2
4. [4]
  J. C. Kelly, M. Wang, Q. Dai, O. Winjobi, Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 174 (2021) 105762, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105762. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105762
5. [5]
  Y. Xiong, J. Zhou, P. Lu, J. Yin, Y. Wang, Z. Fan, Matter 5 (2022) 1760, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2022.04.034. doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2022.04.034
6. [6]
  L. Kölbel, T. Kölbel, L. Herrmann, E. Kaymakci, I. Ghergut, A. Poirel, J. Schneider, Hydrometallurgy 221 (2023) 106131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2023.106131. doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2023.106131
7. [7]
  Q. Liu, P. Yang, W. Tu, H. Sun, S. Li, Y. Zhang, J. Water Process Eng. 55 (2023) 104148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104148. doi: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104148
8. [8]
  W. Zhang, X. Che, D. Pei, X. Zhang, Y. Chen, M. Li, C. Li, Exploration 2 (2022) 20220050, https://doi.org/10.1002/EXP.20220050. doi: 10.1002/EXP.20220050
9. [9]
  Y. Zhang, Y. Hu, L. Wang, W. Sun, Miner. Eng. 139 (2019) 105868, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2019.105868. doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2019.105868
10. [10]
  X. Xu, Y. Chen, P. Wan, K. Gasem, K. Wang, T. He, H. Adidharma, M. Fan, Prog. Mater Sci. 84 (2016) 276, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2016.09.004. doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2016.09.004
11. [11]
  J. Hou, H. Zhang, A. W. Thornton, A. J. Hill, H. Wang, K. Konstas, Adv. Funct. Mater. 31 (2021) 2105991, https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202105991. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202105991
12. [12]
  Q. He, N. J. Williams, J. H. Oh, V. M. Lynch, S. K. Kim, B. A. Moyer, J. L. Sessler, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57 (2018) 11924, https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201805127. doi: 10.1002/anie.201805127
13. [13]
  Y. Zeng, W. Li, Z. Wan, S. Qin, Q. Huang, W. Cai, Q. Wang, M. Yao, Y. Zhang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 34 (2024) 2400416, https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202400416. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202400416
14. [14]
  A. Battistel, M. S. Palagonia, D. Brogioli, F. La Mantia, R. Trócoli, Adv. Mater. 32 (2020) 1905440, https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201905440. doi: 10.1002/adma.201905440
15. [15]
  J. F. Song, L. D. Nghiem, X.-M. Li, T. He, Environ. Sci. Water Res. Technol. 3 (2017) 593, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7EW00020K. doi: 10.1039/C7EW00020K
16. [16]
  L. Baudino, C. Santos, C. F. Pirri, F. La Mantia, A. Lamberti, Adv. Sci. 9 (2022) 2201380, https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202201380. doi: 10.1002/advs.202201380
17. [17]
  S. Xu, J. Song, Q. Bi, Q. Chen, W.-M. Zhang, Z. Qian, L. Zhang, S. Xu, N. Tang, T. He, J. Membr. Sci. 635 (2021) 119441, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119441. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119441
18. [18]
  X. Li, Y. Mo, W. Qing, S. Shao, C. Y. Tang, J. Li, J. Membr. Sci. 591 (2019) 117317, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117317. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117317
19. [19]
  S. Zavahir, T. Elmakki, M. Gulied, Z. Ahmad, L. Al-Sulaiti, H. K. Shon, Y. Chen, H. Park, B. Batchelor, D. S. Han, Desalination 500 (2021) 114883, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114883. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2020.114883
20. [20]
  J. Farahbakhsh, F. Arshadi, Z. Mofidi, M. Mohseni-Dargah, C. Kök, M. Assefi, A. Soozanipour, M. Zargar, M. Asadnia, Y. Boroumand, V. Presser, A. Razmjou, Desalination 575 (2024) 117249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2023.117249. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2023.117249
21. [21]
  H. Kanoh, K. Ooi, Y. Miyai, S. Katoh, Langmuir 7 (1991) 1841, https://doi.org/10.1021/la00057a002. doi: 10.1021/la00057a002
22. [22]
  H. Kanoh, K. Ooi, Y. Miyai, S. Katoh, Sep. Sci. Technol. 28 (1993) 643, https://doi.org/10.1080/01496399308019512. doi: 10.1080/01496399308019512
23. [23]
  M. Pasta, A. Battistel, F. La Mantia, Energy Environ. Sci. 5 (2012) 9487, https://doi.org/10.1039/C2EE22977C. doi: 10.1039/C2EE22977C
24. [24]
  Z. Zhao, X. Si, X. Liu, L. He, X. Liang, Hydrometallurgy 133 (2013) 75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2012.11.013. doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2012.11.013
25. [25]
  L. Wang, K. Frisella, P. Srimuk, O. Janka, G. Kickelbick, V. Presser, Sustainable Energy Fuels 5 (2021) 3124, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1SE00450F. doi: 10.1039/D1SE00450F
26. [26]
  H. Zhang, Z. Huang, L. Zhao, Z. Guo, J. Wang, J. Liu, Y. Zhao, F. Li, P. Zhang, Z.-Y. Ji, Chem. Eng. J. 482 (2024) 148802, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.148802. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.148802
27. [27]
  X. Meng, Y. Jing, J. Li, Z. Sun, Z. Wu, Chem. Eng. Sci. 283 (2024) 119400, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2023.119400. doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.119400
28. [28]
  X. Zhao, H. Yang, Y. Wang, L. Yang, L. Zhu, Sep. Purif. Technol. 274 (2021) 119078, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119078. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119078
29. [29]
  L. L. Missoni, F. Marchini, M. Del Pozo, E. J. Calvo, J. Electrochem. Soc. 163 (2016) A1898, https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0591609jes. doi: 10.1149/2.0591609jes
30. [30]
  R. Trócoli, C. Erinmwingbovo, F. La Mantia, ChemElectroChem 4 (2017) 143, https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201600509. doi: 10.1002/celc.201600509
31. [31]
  M.-Y. Zhao, Z.-Y. Ji, Y.-G. Zhang, Z.-Y. Guo, Y.-Y. Zhao, J. Liu, J.-S. Yuan, Electrochim. Acta 252 (2017) 350, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.08.178. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.08.178
32. [32]
  S. Kim, J. S. Kang, H. Joo, Y.-E. Sung, J. Yoon, Environ. Sci. Technol. 54 (2020) 9044, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07646. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07646
33. [33]
  K. Sun, M. Tebyetekerwa, X. Zeng, Z. Wang, T. T. Duignan, X. Zhang, Environ. Sci. Technol. 58 (2024) 3997, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c09111. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09111
34. [34]
  V. C. E. Romero, D. S. Putrino, M. Tagliazucchi, V. Flexer, E. J. Calvo, J. Electrochem. Soc. 168 (2021) 020518, https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abde81. doi: 10.1149/1945-7111/abde81
35. [35]
  H. Joo, S. Y. Jung, S. Kim, K. H. Ahn, W. S. Ryoo, J. Yoon, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 8 (2020) 9622, https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b07427. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b07427
36. [36]
  R. Trócoli, A. Battistel, F. La Mantia, ChemSusChem 8 (2015) 2514, https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201500368. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201500368
37. [37]
  Y. Kondo, T. Abe, Y. Yamada, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14 (2022) 22706, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c21683. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c21683
38. [38]
  N. V. Kosova, O. A. Podgornova, Y. M. Volfkovich, V. E. Sosenkin, J. Solid State Electrochem. 25 (2021) 1029, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-020-04877-8. doi: 10.1007/s10008-020-04877-8
39. [39]
  Y. Zhang, C. Prehal, H. Jiang, Y. Liu, G. Feng, V. Presser, Cell Rep. Phys. Sci. 3 (2022) 100689, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100689. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100689
40. [40]
  A. J. Bard, L. R. Faulkner, Electrochemical methods: fundamentals and applications, 2nd ed.; John Wiley & Sons: the United States of America, 2001; pp. 7–20.
41. [41]
  P. Sebastián-Pascual, Y. Shao-Horn, M. Escudero-Escribano, Curr. Opin. Electrochem. 32 (2022) 100918, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100918. doi: 10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100918
42. [42]
  S. Fleischmann, J. B. Mitchell, R. Wang, C. Zhan, D.-E. Jiang, V. Presser, V. Augustyn, Chem. Rev. 120 (2020) 6738, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00170. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00170
43. [43]
  S. Cui, Y. Wei, T. Liu, W. Deng, Z. Hu, Y. Su, H. Li, M. Li, H. Guo, Y. Duan, W. Wang, M. Rao, J. Zheng, X. Wang, F. Pan, Adv. Energy Mater. 6 (2016) 1501309, https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201501309. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201501309
44. [44]
  Y. Wei, J. Zheng, S. Cui, X. Song, Y. Su, W. Deng, Z. Wu, X. Wang, W. Wang, M. Rao, Y. Lin, C. Wang, K. Amine, F. Pan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137 (2015) 8364, https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b04040. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b04040
45. [45]
  Z. Chen, D. L. Danilov, R.-A. Eichel, P. H. L. Notten, Adv. Energy Mater. 12 (2022) 2201506, https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202201506. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202201506
46. [46]
  M. Weiss, R. Ruess, J. Kasnatscheew, Y. Levartovsky, N. R. Levy, P. Minnmann, L. Stolz, T. Waldmann, M. Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, D. Aurbach, M. Winter, Y. Ein-Eli, J. Janek, Adv. Energy Mater. 11 (2021) 2101126, https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202101126. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202101126
47. [47]
  G. Yan, M. Wang, G. T. Hill, S. Zou, C. Liu, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 119 (2022) e2200751119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2200751119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2200751119
48. [48]
  W. Xu, D. Liu, X. Liu, D. Wang, L. He, Z. Zhao, Desalination 546 (2023) 116188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2022.116188. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2022.116188
49. [49]
  Z. Zhang, J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, X. Du, X. Hao, X. An, G. Guan, J. Li, Z. Liu, Sep. Purif. Technol. 316 (2023) 123777, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123777. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123777
50. [50]
  D.-F. Liu, S.-Y. Sun, J.-G. Yu, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 97 (2019) 1589, https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.23370. doi: 10.1002/cjce.23370
51. [51]
  M. S. Palagonia, D. Brogioli, F. L. Mantia, J. Electrochem. Soc. 164 (2017) E586, https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1531714jes. doi: 10.1149/2.1531714jes
52. [52]
  W.-J. Zhang, J. Power Sources 196 (2011) 2962, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.113. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.113
53. [53]
  S.-I. Nishimura, G. Kobayashi, K. Ohoyama, R. Kanno, M. Yashima, A. Yamada, Nat. Mater. 7 (2008) 707, https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2251. doi: 10.1038/nmat2251
54. [54]
  H. Zhang, Z. Zou, S. Zhang, J. Liu, S. Zhong, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 15 (2020) 12041, https://doi.org/10.20964/2020.12.71. doi: 10.20964/2020.12.71
55. [55]
  D. Morgan, A. Van Der Ven, G. Ceder, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7 (2004) A30, https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1633511. doi: 10.1149/1.1633511
56. [56]
  M. S. Islam, D. J. Driscoll, C. a. J. Fisher, P. R. Slater, Chem. Mater. 17 (2005) 5085, https://doi.org/10.1021/cm050999v. doi: 10.1021/cm050999v
57. [57]
  Y. Zou, S. Chen, X. Yang, N. Ma, Y. Xia, D. Yang, S. Guo, Adv. Energy Mater. 6 (2016) 1601549, https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201601549. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201601549
58. [58]
  C. a. J. Fisher, V. M. Hart Prieto, M. S. Islam, Chem. Mater. 20 (2008) 5907, https://doi.org/10.1021/cm801262x. doi: 10.1021/cm801262x
59. [59]
  J. Yang, J. S. Tse, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 115 (2011) 13045, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp205057d. doi: 10.1021/jp205057d
60. [60]
  S. Zhou, P. Wang, S. Tang, J. Zhang, S. Gu, J. Yu, Desalination 592 (2024) 118153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2024.118153. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118153
61. [61]
  M. Du, J.-Z. Guo, S.-H. Zheng, Y. Liu, J.-L. Yang, K.-Y. Zhang, Z.-Y. Gu, X.-T. Wang, X.-L. Wu, Chin. Chem. Lett. 34 (2023) 107706, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.049. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.049
62. [62]
  A. Urban, D.-H. Seo, G. Ceder, npj Comput. Mater. 2 (2016) 16002, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2016.2. doi: 10.1038/npjcompumats.2016.2
63. [63]
  C. Liu, Z. G. Neale, G. Cao, Mater. Today 19 (2016) 109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2015.10.009. doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2015.10.009
64. [64]
  A. Van Der Ven, J. Bhattacharya, A. A. Belak, Acc. Chem. Res. 46 (2013) 1216, https://doi.org/10.1021/ar200329r. doi: 10.1021/ar200329r
65. [65]
  C. Delmas, M. Maccario, L. Croguennec, F. Le Cras, F. Weill, Nat. Mater. 7 (2008) 665, https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2230. doi: 10.1038/nmat2230
66. [66]
  C. Delacourt, P. Poizot, J.-M. Tarascon, C. Masquelier, Nat. Mater. 4 (2005) 254, https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1335. doi: 10.1038/nmat1335
67. [67]
  G. Kobayashi, S.-I. Nishimura, M.-S. Park, R. Kanno, M. Yashima, T. Ida, A. Yamada, Adv. Funct. Mater. 19 (2009) 395, https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200801522. doi: 10.1002/adfm.200801522
68. [68]
  N. Sharma, X. Guo, G. Du, Z. Guo, J. Wang, Z. Wang, V. K. Peterson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 (2012) 7867, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja301187u. doi: 10.1021/ja301187u
69. [69]
  H. Liu, F. C. Strobridge, O. J. Borkiewicz, K. M. Wiaderek, K. W. Chapman, P. J. Chupas, C. P. Grey, Science 344 (2014) 1252817, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1252817. doi: 10.1126/science.1252817
70. [70]
  P. Gibot, M. Casas-Cabanas, L. Laffont, S. Levasseur, P. Carlach, S. Hamelet, J.-M. Tarascon, C. Masquelier, Nat. Mater. 7 (2008) 741, https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2245. doi: 10.1038/nmat2245
71. [71]
  J. Lu, S. C. Chung, S.-I. Nishimura, A. Yamada, Chem. Mater. 25 (2013) 4557, https://doi.org/10.1021/cm402617b. doi: 10.1021/cm402617b
72. [72]
  Z.-W. Zhao, X.-F. Si, X.-X. Liang, X.-H. Liu, L.-H. He, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 23 (2013) 1157, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(13)62578-9. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(13)62578-9
73. [73]
  S. P. Ong, V. L. Chevrier, G. Hautier, A. Jain, C. Moore, S. Kim, X. Ma, G. Ceder, Energy Environ. Sci. 4 (2011) 3680, https://doi.org/10.1039/C1EE01782A. doi: 10.1039/C1EE01782A
74. [74]
  T. Zhang, D. Li, Z. Tao, J. Chen, Prog. Nat. Sci. : Mater. Int. 23 (2013) 256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2013.04.005. doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2013.04.005
75. [75]
  Y. Huang, Y. Dong, S. Li, J. Lee, C. Wang, Z. Zhu, W. Xue, Y. Li, J. Li, Adv. Energy Mater. 11 (2021) 2000997, https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202000997. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202000997
76. [76]
  R. A. House, G. J. Rees, M. A. Pérez-Osorio, J.-J. Marie, E. Boivin, A. W. Robertson, A. Nag, M. Garcia-Fernandez, K.-J. Zhou, P. G. Bruce, Nat. Energy 5 (2020) 777, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-020-00697-2. doi: 10.1038/s41560-020-00697-2
77. [77]
  W. Xu, L. He, Z. Zhao, Desalination 503 (2021) 114935, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.114935. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2021.114935
78. [78]
  J. Rodríguez-Carvajal, G. Rousse, C. Masquelier, M. Hervieu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 4660, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.4660. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.4660
79. [79]
  S. Liu, B. Wang, X. Zhang, S. Zhao, Z. Zhang, H. Yu, Matter 4 (2021) 1511, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2021.02.023. doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2021.02.023
80. [80]
  M. A. Halcrow, Chem. Soc. Rev. 42 (2013) 1784, https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35253B. doi: 10.1039/C2CS35253B
81. [81]
  J. B. Goodenough, K.-S. Park, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (2013) 1167, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja3091438. doi: 10.1021/ja3091438
82. [82]
  J. Ren, H. Zhu, Y. Fang, W. Li, S. Lan, S. Wei, Z. Yin, Y. Tang, Y. Ren, Q. Liu, Carbon Neutralization 2 (2023) 339, https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.62. doi: 10.1002/cnl2.62
83. [83]
  M. Okubo, Y. Mizuno, H. Yamada, J. Kim, E. Hosono, H. Zhou, T. Kudo, I. Honma, ACS Nano 4 (2010) 741, https://doi.org/10.1021/nn9012065. doi: 10.1021/nn9012065
84. [84]
  T. Liu, A. Dai, J. Lu, Y. Yuan, Y. Xiao, L. Yu, M. Li, J. Gim, L. Ma, J. Liu, C. Zhan, L. Li, J. Zheng, Y. Ren, T. Wu, R. Shahbazian-Yassar, J. Wen, F. Pan, K. Amine, Nat. Commun. 10 (2019) 4721, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12626-3. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12626-3
85. [85]
  P. Wang, S. Zhou, Y. Fu, H. Fang, S. Gu, J. Yu, Desalination 581 (2024) 117618, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2024.117618. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.117618
86. [86]
  J. Yu, D. Fang, H. Zhang, Z. Y. Leong, J. Zhang, X. Li, H. Y. Yang, ACS Mater. Lett. 2 (2020) 1662, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.0c00385. doi: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.0c00385
87. [87]
  M. D. Radin, S. Hy, M. Sina, C. Fang, H. Liu, J. Vinckeviciute, M. Zhang, M. S. Whittingham, Y. S. Meng, A. Van Der Ven, Adv. Energy Mater. 7 (2017) 1602888, https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201602888. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201602888
88. [88]
  K. Kang, Y. S. Meng, J. Bréger, C. P. Grey, G. Ceder, Science 311 (2006) 977, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1122152. doi: 10.1126/science.1122152
89. [89]
  J. U. Choi, N. Voronina, Y.-K. Sun, S.-T. Myung, Adv. Energy Mater. 10 (2020) 2002027, https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202002027. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202002027
90. [90]
  Z. Xu, K. Song, X. Chang, L. Li, W. Zhang, Y. Xue, J. Zhang, D. Lin, Z. Liu, Q. Wang, Y. Yu, C. Yang, Carbon Neutralization 3 (2024) 832, https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.162. doi: 10.1002/cnl2.162
91. [91]
  C. Zhao, C. Wang, X. Liu, I. Hwang, T. Li, X. Zhou, J. Diao, J. Deng, Y. Qin, Z. Yang, G. Wang, W. Xu, C. Sun, L. Wu, W. Cha, I. Robinson, R. Harder, Y. Jiang, T. Bicer, J.-T. Li, W. Lu, L. Li, Y. Liu, S.-G. Sun, G.-L. Xu, K. Amine, Nat. Energy 9 (2024) 345, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01465-2. doi: 10.1038/s41560-024-01465-2
92. [92]
  H.-H. Ryu, K.-J. Park, C. S. Yoon, Y.-K. Sun, Chem. Mater. 30 (2018) 1155, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b05269. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b05269
93. [93]
  D. Goonetilleke, N. Sharma, W. K. Pang, V. K. Peterson, R. Petibon, J. Li, J. R. Dahn, Chem. Mater. 31 (2019) 376, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03525. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03525
94. [94]
  C. P. Lawagon, G. M. Nisola, R. a. I. Cuevas, R. E. C. Torrejos, H. Kim, S.-P. Lee, W.-J. Chung, Sep. Purif. Technol. 212 (2019) 416, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.11.046. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.11.046
95. [95]
  X. Zhao, M. Feng, Y. Jiao, Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. Sha, Desalination 481 (2020) 114360, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2020.114360. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2020.114360
96. [96]
  C. P. Lawagon, G. M. Nisola, R. a. I. Cuevas, H. Kim, S.-P. Lee, W.-J. Chung, Chem. Eng. J. 348 (2018) 1000, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.05.030. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.05.030
97. [97]
  L. Britala, M. Marinaro, G. Kucinskis, J. Energy Storage 73 (2023) 108875, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.108875. doi: 10.1016/j.est.2023.108875
98. [98]
  M. Jiang, P. Wang, Q. Chen, Y. Zhang, Q. Wu, L. Tan, T. Ning, L. Li, K. Zou, Chin. Chem. Lett. 36 (2025) 110040, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110040. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110040
99. [99]
  W. Lin, W. Bao, J. Cai, X. Cai, H. Zhao, Y. Zhang, Y. Deng, S. Yang, Z. Zhou, Z. Liu, J. Xie, Appl. Surf. Sci. 615 (2023) 156278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156278. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156278
100. [100]
  M. Yang, L. Chen, H. Li, F. Wu, Energy Mater. Adv. 2022 (2022) 9842651, https://doi.org/10.34133/2022/9842651. doi: 10.34133/2022/9842651
101. [101]
  D. Tao, S. Wang, Y. Liu, Y. Dai, J. Yu, X. Lei, Ionics 21 (2015) 1201, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-015-1405-3. doi: 10.1007/s11581-015-1405-3
102. [102]
  X.-F. Sun, Y.-L. Xu, X.-Y. Zheng, X.-F. Meng, P. Ding, H. Ren, L. Li, Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 31 (2015) 1513, https://doi.org/10.3866/pku.Whxb201506082. doi: 10.3866/pku.Whxb201506082
103. [103]
  C. Ahmani Ferdi, M. Belaiche, E. Iffer, J. Solid State Electrochem. 25 (2021) 301, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-020-04808-7. doi: 10.1007/s10008-020-04808-7
104. [104]
  X. Rui, Q. Yan, M. Skyllas-Kazacos, T. M. Lim, J. Power Sources 258 (2014) 19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.126. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.126
105. [105]
  J. Zhou, S. Xiang, X. Wang, D.-M. Shin, H. Zhou, Chem. Eng. J. 482 (2024) 148985, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.148985. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.148985
106. [106]
  A. Gao, X. Hou, Z. Sun, S. Li, H. Li, J. Zhang, J. Mater. Chem. A 7 (2019) 20878, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TA06080D. doi: 10.1039/C9TA06080D
107. [107]
  S. C. Yin, H. Grondey, P. Strobel, M. Anne, L. F. Nazar, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (2003) 10402, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja034565h. doi: 10.1021/ja034565h
108. [108]
  J. Gaubicher, C. Wurm, G. Goward, C. Masquelier, L. Nazar, Chem. Mater. 12 (2000) 3240, https://doi.org/10.1021/cm000345g. doi: 10.1021/cm000345g
109. [109]
  J. Zhang, J. Shen, H. Chu, Y. Xie, Z. Jiang, D. Gao, T. Deng, X. Yu, Chem. Eng. J. 516 (2025) 164011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.164011. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.164011
110. [110]
  J. Zhou, Y. Xu, D.-M. Shin, H. Zhou, Desalination 600 (2025) 118530, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2025.118530. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2025.118530
111. [111]
  A. Gao, Z. Sun, S. Li, X. Hou, H. Li, Q. Wu, X. Xi, Dalton Trans. 47 (2018) 3864, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8DT00033F. doi: 10.1039/C8DT00033F
112. [112]
  Y. Tu, Z. Zhou, W. Wei, L. Guan, Y. Liu, Z. Xu, H. Liu, Z. Liu, Chem. Eng. J. 503 (2025) 158533, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.158533. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.158533
113. [113]
  Y. Zhang, H. Xing, Q. Meng, Q. Liu, H. Liu, L. Yang, Sep. Purif. Technol. 348 (2024) 127739, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.127739. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.127739
114. [114]
  F. Qian, B. Zhao, M. Guo, Z. Qian, Z. Wu, Z. Liu, Mater. Des. 194 (2020) 108867, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108867. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108867
115. [115]
  H. Zhan, Y. Qiao, Z. Qian, B. Lv, Z. Wu, Z. Liu, Chem. Eng. J. 497 (2024) 154859, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.154859. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.154859
116. [116]
  H. Zhan, Y. Qiao, Z. Qian, J. Li, Z. Wu, X. Hao, Z. Liu, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 114 (2022) 142, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2022.07.003. doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.07.003
117. [117]
  R. Trócoli, A. Battistel, F. L. Mantia, Chemistry – A European Journal 20 (2014) 9888, https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201403535. doi: 10.1002/chem.201403535
118. [118]
  C. Liu, R. Massé, X. Nan, G. Cao, Energy Storage Mater. 4 (2016) 15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2016.02.002. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2016.02.002
119. [119]
  P.-C. Tsai, B. Wen, M. Wolfman, M.-J. Choe, M. S. Pan, L. Su, K. Thornton, J. Cabana, Y.-M. Chiang, Energy Environ. Sci. 11 (2018) 860, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE00001H. doi: 10.1039/C8EE00001H
120. [120]
  M. Park, X. Zhang, M. Chung, G. B. Less, A. M. Sastry, J. Power Sources 195 (2010) 7904, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.060. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.060
121. [121]
  M. M. Thackeray, K. Amine, Nat. Energy 6 (2021) 566, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-021-00815-8. doi: 10.1038/s41560-021-00815-8
122. [122]
  M. M. Thackeray, K. Amine, Nat. Energy 6 (2021) 933, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-021-00860-3. doi: 10.1038/s41560-021-00860-3
123. [123]
  J. Li, Z.-F. Ma, Chem 5 (2019) 3, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2018.12.012. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.12.012
124. [124]
  W. Zhu, W. Xu, D. Liu, L. He, X. Liu, Z. Zhao, Electrochim. Acta 475 (2024) 143519, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2023.143519. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.143519
125. [125]
  P. Wang, S. Zhou, X. Yao, Y. Fu, S. Gu, J. Yu, Sep. Purif. Technol. 357 (2025) 130184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130184. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130184
126. [126]
  J. Gu, G. Zhou, L. Chen, X. Li, G. Luo, L. Fan, Y. Chao, H. Ji, W. Zhu, J. Electroanal. Chem. 940 (2023) 117487, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117487. doi: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117487
127. [127]
  D. Liu, W. Xu, J. Xiong, L. He, Z. Zhao, Sep. Purif. Technol. 270 (2021) 118809, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118809. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118809
128. [128]
  Z.-Y. Guo, Z.-Y. Ji, H.-Y. Chen, J. Liu, Y.-Y. Zhao, F. Li, J.-S. Yuan, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 8 (2020) 11834, https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c04359. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c04359
129. [129]
  Z.-Y. Guo, Z.-Y. Ji, J. Wang, H.-Y. Chen, J. Liu, Y.-Y. Zhao, F. Li, J.-S. Yuan, Sep. Purif. Technol. 259 (2021) 118154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118154. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118154
130. [130]
  H. Zhan, Z. Qian, Y. Qiao, B. Lv, R. Liu, H. Chen, Z. Liu, ACS Nano 18 (2024) 31204, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c09379. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.4c09379
131. [131]
  L. He, W. Xu, Y. Song, Y. Luo, X. Liu, Z. Zhao, Global Challenges 2 (2018) 1700079, https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201700079. doi: 10.1002/gch2.201700079
132. [132]
  J. Xiong, L. He, Z. Zhao, Desalination 535 (2022) 115822, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2022.115822. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2022.115822
133. [133]
  L. Wang, Y. Zhou, W. Chen, J.-L. Jiang, Z.-H. Guo, Sep. Purif. Technol. 306 (2023) 122605, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122605. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122605
134. [134]
  Z. Huang, W. Xu, Z. Zhao, D. Liu, L. He, X. Liu, Chem. Eng. J. 467 (2023) 143247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.143247. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.143247
135. [135]
  S. Sun, X. Yu, M. Li, J. Duo, Y. Guo, T. Deng, J. Cleaner Prod. 247 (2020) 119178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119178. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119178
136. [136]
  J. Yang, X. Shang, B. Hu, B. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. Yang, J. Liu, J. Solid State Electrochem. 27 (2023) 2029, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-023-05461-6. doi: 10.1007/s10008-023-05461-6
137. [137]
  X. Zhao, Y. Gong, K. Gao, Y. Wang, H. Y. Yang, Chem. Eng. J. 474 (2023) 145975, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.145975. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.145975
138. [138]
  G. Tan, S. Wan, J.-J. Chen, H.-Q. Yu, Y. Yu, Adv. Mater. 36 (2024) 2310657, https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202310657. doi: 10.1002/adma.202310657
139. [139]
  G. Tian, J. Gao, M. Wang, X. Wen, Y. Liu, J. Xiang, L. Zhang, P. Cheng, J. Zhang, N. Tang, Electrochim. Acta 475 (2024) 143361, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2023.143361. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.143361
140. [140]
  J. Gu, L. Chen, X. Li, G. Luo, L. Fan, Y. Chao, H. Ji, W. Zhu, J. Energy Chem. 89 (2024) 410, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2023.10.005. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2023.10.005
141. [141]
  G. Luo, X. Li, L. Chen, Y. Zhang, J. Gu, Y. Chao, W. Zhu, Z. Liu, C. Xu, Chem. Eng. J. 455 (2023) 140928, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.140928. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.140928
142. [142]
  J. Gu, L. Chen, L. Fan, G. Luo, X. Li, X. Chen, H. Ji, Y. Chao, W. Zhu, Desalination 586 (2024) 117828, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2024.117828. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.117828
143. [143]
  G. Luo, M. Zhou, Y. Chao, P. Cui, X. Li, L. Chen, G. Jiang, W. Zhu, Z. Liu, C. Xu, Sep. Purif. Technol. 354 (2025) 128683, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128683. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128683
144. [144]
  Z. Li, I.-C. Chen, L. Cao, X. Liu, K.-W. Huang, Z. Lai, Science 385 (2024) 1438, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg8487. doi: 10.1126/science.adg8487
145. [145]
  X. Zhao, S. Yang, X. Song, Y. Wang, H. Zhang, M. Li, Y. Wang, Adv. Sci. 11 (2024) 2405176, https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202405176. doi: 10.1002/advs.202405176
146. [146]
  D. Chen, Z. Zhang, T. Ma, Q. Luo, X. Du, X. Ye, X. Hao, Z. Wu, X. Wang, J. Li, Process Safety and Environmental Protection 191 (2024) 112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.08.113. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.08.113
147. [147]
  G. Liao, L. Yu, Y. Xia, Z. Wang, Z. Lu, J. Mei, H. Liu, C. Liu, Water Res. 274 (2025) 123131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123131. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123131
148. [148]
  Z. Hui, J. An, J. Zhou, W. Huang, G. Sun, Exploration 2 (2022) 20210237, https://doi.org/10.1002/EXP.20210237. doi: 10.1002/EXP.20210237
149. [149]
  R.-X. Yin, W.-G. Zhu, Z.-W. Zhao, W.-H. Xu, X.-H. Liu, L.-H. He, Sep. Purif. Technol. 338 (2024) 126375, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.126375. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.126375
150. [150]
  J. Wang, J.-W. Fang, Z.-Y. Ji, Z.-Y. Guo, X.-W. Li, J. Liu, Y.-Y. Zhao, Z. Liu, F.-F. Gao, Y. Zhong, J.-S. Yuan, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 11 (2023) 110878, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.110878. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2023.110878
151. [151]
  Y. Mu, C. Zhang, W. Zhang, Y. Wang, Desalination 511 (2021) 115112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.115112. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2021.115112
152. [152]
  G. Ma, Y. Xu, A. Cai, H. Mao, X. Zhang, D.-M. Shin, L. Wang, H. Zhou, Small 20 (2024) 2306530, https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202306530. doi: 10.1002/smll.202306530
153. [153]
  H. Zhang, L. Zhao, Z. Guo, L. Wang, Y. Ma, P. Zhang, J. Wang, Z.-Y. Ji, Environ. Sci. Technol. 59 (2025) 6881, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c13308. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c13308
154. [154]
  M. Nakayama, H. Taki, T. Nakamura, S. Tokuda, R. Jalem, T. Kasuga, J. Phys. Chem. C 118 (2014) 27245, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp509232m. doi: 10.1021/jp509232m
155. [155]
  G. Zhou, L. Chen, X. Li, G. Luo, Z. Yu, J. Yin, L. Fan, Y. Chao, L. Jiang, W. Zhu, Green Energy Environ. 8 (2023) 1081, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gee.2021.12.002. doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2021.12.002
156. [156]
  L. Peng, X. Zhang, Z. Fang, Y. Zhu, Y. Xie, J. J. Cha, G. Yu, Chem. Mater. 29 (2017) 10526, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b04514. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b04514
157. [157]
  Y. Zhao, L. Peng, B. Liu, G. Yu, Nano Lett. 14 (2014) 2849, https://doi.org/10.1021/nl5008568. doi: 10.1021/nl5008568
158. [158]
  A. Yamada, H. Koizumi, S. I. Nishimura, N. Sonoyama, R. Kanno, M. Yonemura, T. Nakamura, Y. Kobayashi, Nat. Mater. 5 (2006) 357, https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1634. doi: 10.1038/nmat1634
159. [159]
  X.-C. Tang, L.-X. Li, Q.-L. Lai, X.-W. Song, L.-H. Jiang, Electrochim. Acta 54 (2009) 2329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2008.10.065. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.10.065
160. [160]
  P. P. Prosini, M. Lisi, D. Zane, M. Pasquali, Solid State Ionics 148 (2002) 45, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00134-0. doi: 10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00134-0
161. [161]
  G. Yan, G. Kim, R. Yuan, E. Hoenig, F. Shi, W. Chen, Y. Han, Q. Chen, J.-M. Zuo, W. Chen, C. Liu, Nat. Commun. 13 (2022) 4579, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32369-y. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32369-y
162. [162]
  Y. Wu, P. Shi, Y. Zhong, R. Cai, Energy & Fuels 37 (2023) 4083, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c04113. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c04113
163. [163]
  C. Cai, G. M. Koenig, Electrochim. Acta 401 (2022) 139484, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139484. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139484
164. [164]
  Y. K. Lee, J. Park, W. Lu, J. Electrochem. Soc. 163 (2016) A1359, https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0991607jes. doi: 10.1149/2.0991607jes
165. [165]
  X. Sun, R. Xiao, X. Yu, H. Li, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14 (2022) 10353, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c23478. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c23478
166. [166]
  Z. Ahaliabadeh, X. Kong, E. Fedorovskaya, T. Kallio, J. Power Sources 540 (2022) 231633, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231633. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231633
167. [167]
  J. Choi, S.-Y. Lee, S. Yoon, K.-H. Kim, M. Kim, S.-H. Hong, ChemSusChem 12 (2019) 2439, https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201900500. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201900500
168. [168]
  S.-Y. Chung, J. T. Bloking, Y.-M. Chiang, Nat. Mater. 1 (2002) 123, https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat732. doi: 10.1038/nmat732
169. [169]
  P. S. Herle, B. Ellis, N. Coombs, L. F. Nazar, Nat. Mater. 3 (2004) 147, https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1063. doi: 10.1038/nmat1063
170. [170]
  M. Wagemaker, B. L. Ellis, D. Lützenkirchen-Hecht, F. M. Mulder, L. F. Nazar, Chem. Mater. 20 (2008) 6313, https://doi.org/10.1021/cm801781k. doi: 10.1021/cm801781k
171. [171]
  M. D. Johannes, K. Hoang, J. L. Allen, K. Gaskell, Phys. Rev. B 85 (2012) 115106, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.115106. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.115106
172. [172]
  C. Ban, W.-J. Yin, H. Tang, S.-H. Wei, Y. Yan, A. C. Dillon, Adv. Energy Mater. 2 (2012) 1028, https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201200085. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201200085
173. [173]
  K. Hoang, M. D. Johannes, J. Power Sources 206 (2012) 274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.01.126. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.01.126
174. [174]
  Y. Zhang, J. A. Alarco, J. Y. Nerkar, A. S. Best, G. A. Snook, P. C. Talbot, B. C. C. Cowie, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3 (2020) 9158, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c01536. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.0c01536
175. [175]
  F. Bizzotto, W. Dachraoui, R. Grissa, W. Zhao, F. Pagani, E. Querel, R.-S. Kühnel, C. Battaglia, Electrochim. Acta 462 (2023) 142758, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142758. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142758
176. [176]
  F. Schipper, H. Bouzaglo, M. Dixit, E. M. Erickson, T. Weigel, M. Talianker, J. Grinblat, L. Burstein, M. Schmidt, J. Lampert, C. Erk, B. Markovsky, D. T. Major, D. Aurbach, Adv. Energy Mater. 8 (2018) 1701682, https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201701682. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201701682
177. [177]
  U. Nisar, N. Muralidharan, R. Essehli, R. Amin, I. Belharouak, Energy Storage Mater. 38 (2021) 309, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2021.03.015. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2021.03.015
178. [178]
  P. Zhu, Z. Yang, H. Zhang, J. Yu, Z. Zhang, J. Cai, C. Li, J. Alloys Compd. 745 (2018) 164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.02.119. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.02.119
179. [179]
  B. Xiao, B. Wang, J. Liu, K. Kaliyappan, Q. Sun, Y. Liu, G. Dadheech, M. P. Balogh, L. Yang, T.-K. Sham, R. Li, M. Cai, X. Sun, Nano Energy 34 (2017) 120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.02.015. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.02.015
180. [180]
  Y. He, H. Pham, X. Liang, J. Park, Chem. Eng. J. 440 (2022) 135565, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.135565. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.135565
181. [181]
  X. Li, J. Liu, M. N. Banis, A. Lushington, R. Li, M. Cai, X. Sun, Energy Environ. Sci. 7 (2014) 768, https://doi.org/10.1039/C3EE42704H. doi: 10.1039/C3EE42704H
182. [182]
  P. Guan, L. Zhou, Z. Yu, Y. Sun, Y. Liu, F. Wu, Y. Jiang, D. Chu, J. Energy Chem. 43 (2020) 220, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2019.08.022. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2019.08.022
183. [183]
  J. Li, Q. Wu, J. Wu, Synthesis of Nanoparticles via Solvothermal and Hydrothermal Methods. In Handbook of Nanoparticles; M. Aliofkhazraei, Eds.; Springer Cham: Switzerland, 2016; pp. 295–328.
184. [184]
  H.-H. Ryu, H.-W. Lim, S. G. Lee, Y.-K. Sun, Nat. Energy 9 (2023) 47, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-023-01403-8. doi: 10.1038/s41560-023-01403-8
185. [185]
  Y. Lin, Y. Lin, T. Zhou, G. Zhao, Y. Huang, Z. Huang, J. Power Sources 226 (2013) 20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.10.074. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.10.074
186. [186]
  Y. Liu, X.-J. Lin, Y.-G. Sun, Y.-S. Xu, B.-B. Chang, C.-T. Liu, A.-M. Cao, L.-J. Wan, Small 15 (2019) 1901019, https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201901019. doi: 10.1002/smll.201901019
187. [187]
  Y.-F. Deng, S.-X. Zhao, Y.-H. Xu, C.-W. Nan, J. Mater. Chem. A 2 (2014) 18889, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA03772C. doi: 10.1039/C4TA03772C
188. [188]
  F. Xiong, Z. Chen, C. Huang, T. Wang, W. Zhang, Z. Yang, F. Chen, Inorg. Chem. 58 (2019) 15498, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02533. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02533
189. [189]
  Z.-X. Chi, W. Zhang, X.-S. Wang, F.-Q. Cheng, J.-T. Chen, A.-M. Cao, L.-J. Wan, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 (2014) 22719, https://doi.org/10.1021/am506860e. doi: 10.1021/am506860e
190. [190]
  Y. Kwon, Y. Lee, S.-O. Kim, H.-S. Kim, K. J. Kim, D. Byun, W. Choi, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 (2018) 29457, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b08200. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b08200
191. [191]
  Q. Wang, Y. Lei, Y. Wang, Y. Liu, C. Song, J. Zeng, Y. Song, X. Duan, D. Wang, Y. Li, Energy Environ. Sci. 13 (2020) 1593, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EE00450B. doi: 10.1039/D0EE00450B
192. [192]
  I. Gómez-Palos, M. Vazquez-Pufleau, R. S. Schäufele, A. Mikhalchan, A. Pendashteh, Á. Ridruejo, J. J. Vilatela, Nanoscale 15 (2023) 6052, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR00289F. doi: 10.1039/D3NR00289F
193. [193]
  Q. Hou, G. Cao, P. Wang, D. Zhao, X. Cui, S. Li, C. Li, J. Alloys Compd. 747 (2018) 796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.115. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.115
194. [194]
  C. Gao, J. Zhou, G. Liu, L. Wang, Appl. Surf. Sci. 433 (2018) 35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.10.034. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.10.034
195. [195]
  Q. Gong, Y.-S. He, Y. Yang, X.-Z. Liao, Z.-F. Ma, J. Solid State Electrochem. 16 (2012) 1383, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-011-1538-x. doi: 10.1007/s10008-011-1538-x
196. [196]
  Q. Liu, Y.-T. Liu, C. Zhao, Q.-S. Weng, J. Deng, I. Hwang, Y. Jiang, C. Sun, T. Li, W. Xu, K. Du, A. Daali, G.-L. Xu, K. Amine, G. Chen, ACS Nano 16 (2022) 14527, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c04959. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04959
197. [197]
  L. Sun, G. Yuan, L. Gao, J. Yang, M. Chhowalla, M. H. Gharahcheshmeh, K. K. Gleason, Y. S. Choi, B. H. Hong, Z. Liu, Nat. Rev. Methods Primers 1 (2021) 5, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-020-00005-y. doi: 10.1038/s43586-020-00005-y
198. [198]
  R. W. Johnson, A. Hultqvist, S. F. Bent, Mater. Today 17 (2014) 236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2014.04.026. doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2014.04.026
199. [199]
  S. M. George, Chem. Rev. 110 (2010) 111, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr900056b. doi: 10.1021/cr900056b
200. [200]
  M. Zhang, N. Garcia-Araez, Electrochim. Acta 499 (2024) 144686, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144686. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144686
201. [201]
  X. Zhao, L. Zheng, Y. Hou, Y. Wang, L. Zhu, Chem. Eng. J. 450 (2022) 138454, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.138454. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.138454
202. [202]
  T. Han, X. Yu, Y. Guo, M. Li, J. Duo, T. Deng, Electrochim. Acta 350 (2020) 136385, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136385. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136385
203. [203]
  J. Zhang, W. Pan, Y. Zhou, C. Hai, Y. Xu, Y. Zhao, Y. Sun, S. Dong, X. He, Q. Xu, J. Chen, H. Su, L. Ma, Chemosphere 360 (2024) 142325, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142325. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142325
204. [204]
  J. Zhang, Y. Zhou, C. Hai, H. Su, Y. Zhao, Y. Sun, S. Dong, X. He, Q. Xu, T. Chen, J. Xiang, S. Huang, L. Ma, Sep. Purif. Technol. 334 (2024) 126010, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2023.126010. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.126010
205. [205]
  J. Zhang, Y. Zhou, C. Hai, Y. Gao, Y. Zhao, Y. Sun, S. Dong, X. He, Q. Xu, J. Chen, H. Su, L. Ma, Desalination 579 (2024) 117457, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2024.117457. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.117457
206. [206]
  B. Hu, X. Shang, P. Nie, B. Zhang, J. Yang, J. Liu, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 612 (2022) 392, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.181. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.181
207. [207]
  X. Du, G. Guan, X. Li, A. D. Jagadale, X. Ma, Z. Wang, X. Hao, A. Abudula, J. Mater. Chem. A 4 (2016) 13989, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA05985F. doi: 10.1039/C6TA05985F
208. [208]
  X. Zhao, G. Li, M. Feng, Y. Wang, Electrochim. Acta 331 (2020) 135285, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135285. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135285
209. [209]
  B. Hu, Y. Wang, B. Zhang, X. Song, H. Jiang, J. Ma, J. Liu, Sep. Purif. Technol. 348 (2024) 127693, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.127693. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.127693
210. [210]
  B. Mojtahedi, M. Askari, A. Dolati, N. Shahcheraghi, M. Ghorbanzadeh, Energy & Fuels 38 (2024) 19878, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03409. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c03409
211. [211]
  L. Gou, Y.-F. Zhang, W. Wang, J.-Y. Ying, X.-Y. Fan, Z.-Z. Zhang, Chem. Eng. J. 498 (2024) 155755, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.155755. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.155755
212. [212]
  N. Xue, X. Wu, H. Shi, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Lv, X. Zhang, X. Chen, Y. Yu, W. Liu, ACS Nano 18 (2024) 33743, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c15473. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.4c15473
213. [213]
  J. Li, L. Han, R. Wang, T. Wang, L. Pan, X. Zhang, C. Wang, Desalination 591 (2024) 118035, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2024.118035. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.118035
214. [214]
  G. Luo, X. Li, L. Chen, J. Gu, Y. Huang, J. Sun, H. Liu, Y. Chao, W. Zhu, Z. Liu, Appl. Energy 337 (2023) 120890, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.120890. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.120890
215. [215]
  L. Chen, L. Fan, D. Lan, J. Gu, C. Xiaojun, H. Ji, Y. Chao, P. Wu, W. Zhu, Chem. Eng. J. 505 (2025) 159815, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.159815. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.159815
216. [216]
217. [217]
  Y. Chen, H. Zhan, Y. Qiao, Z. Qian, B. Lv, Z. Wu, Z. Liu, Chem. Eng. J. 477 (2023) 147136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.147136. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.147136
218. [218]
  G. T. Hill, F. Shi, H. Zhou, Y. Han, C. Liu, Matter 4 (2021) 1611, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2021.02.005. doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2021.02.005
219. [219]
  V. C. E. Romero, K. Llano, E. J. Calvo, Electrochem. Commun. 125 (2021) 106980, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2021.106980. doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.106980
220. [220]
  E. N. Guyes, A. N. Shocron, A. Simanovski, P. M. Biesheuvel, M. E. Suss, Desalination 415 (2017) 8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2017.03.013. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2017.03.013
221. [221]
  Z.-Y. Guo, Z.-Y. Ji, J. Wang, X.-F. Guo, J.-S. Liang, Desalination 533 (2022) 115767, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2022.115767. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2022.115767
222. [222]
  D. Liu, Z. Zhao, W. Xu, J. Xiong, L. He, Desalination 519 (2021) 115302, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.115302. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2021.115302
223. [223]
  J. Xiong, L. He, D. Liu, W. Xu, Z. Zhao, Desalination 520 (2021) 115326, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.115326. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2021.115326
224. [224]
  C. Liu, Y. Li, D. Lin, P.-C. Hsu, B. Liu, G. Yan, T. Wu, Y. Cui, S. Chu, Joule 4 (2020) 1459, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2020.05.017. doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2020.05.017
225. [225]
  M. S. Palagonia, D. Brogioli, F. La Mantia, J. Electrochem. Soc. 166 (2019) E286, https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0221910jes. doi: 10.1149/2.0221910jes
226. [226]
  S. Kim, J. Lee, S. Kim, S. Kim, J. Yoon, Energy Technol. 6 (2018) 340, https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201700488. doi: 10.1002/ente.201700488
227. [227]
  A. Zhao, J. Liu, X. Ai, H. Yang, Y. Cao, ChemSusChem 12 (2019) 1361, https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201803045. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201803045
228. [228]
  C.-T. Hsieh, C.-T. Pai, Y.-F. Chen, P.-Y. Yu, R.-S. Juang, Electrochim. Acta 115 (2014) 96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.082. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.082
229. [229]
  Z. Wang, Z. Chen, Y. Li, X. Ren, X. Xiong, Z. Lu, L. Deng, Nano Energy 131 (2024) 110249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110249. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.110249
230. [230]
  C. P. Graettinger, S. Garcia, J. Siviy, R. J. Schenk, P. J. Van Syckle, Using the Technology Readiness Levels Scale to Support Technology Management in the DoD's ATD/STO Environments. [2025-04-01]. https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/library/using-the-technology-readiness-levels-scale-to-support-technology-management-in-the-dods-atdsto-environments-a-findings-and-recommendations-report-conducted-for-army-cecom/.
231. [231]
  L. Wu, C. Zhang, S. Kim, T. A. Hatton, H. Mo, T. D. Waite, Water Res. 221 (2022) 118822, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118822. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118822
232. [232]
  H. Joo, S. Kim, S. Kim, M. Choi, S.-H. Kim, J. Yoon, Environ. Sci. Water Res. Technol. 6 (2020) 290, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EW00756C. doi: 10.1039/C9EW00756C
233. [233]
  J. Zhang, S. Dong, X. He, Q. Xu, C. Hai, Y. Zhou, X. Zhang, L. Ma, Chemistry 86 (2023) 1044, https://doi.org/10.14159/j.cnki.0441-3776.2023.09.013. doi: 10.14159/j.cnki.0441-3776.2023.09.013
234. [234]
1. [1]
  Yuanyuan JIANG , Fangfang TU , Yuhong ZHANG , Shi CHEN , Jiayuan XIANG , Xinhui XIA . Preparation and electrochemical properties of high-stability cathode prelithiation additive. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(6): 1101-1111. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240441
2. [2]
  Zeqiu Chen , Limiao Cai , Jie Guan , Zhanyang Li , Hao Wang , Yaoguang Guo , Xingtao Xu , Likun Pan . Advanced electrode materials in capacitive deionization for efficient lithium extraction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(8): 100089-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100089
3. [3]
  Xiangyu CAO , Jiaying ZHANG , Yun FENG , Linkun SHEN , Xiuling ZHANG , Juanzhi YAN . Synthesis and electrochemical properties of bimetallic-doped porous carbon cathode material. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(3): 509-520. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240270
4. [4]
  Jiahong ZHENG , Jiajun SHEN , Xin BAI . Preparation and electrochemical properties of nickel foam loaded NiMoO₄/NiMoS₄ composites. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 581-590. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230253
5. [5]
  Qin ZHU , Jiao MA , Zhihui QIAN , Yuxu LUO , Yujiao GUO , Mingwu XIANG , Xiaofang LIU , Ping NING , Junming GUO . Morphological evolution and electrochemical properties of cathode material LiAl_0.08Mn_1.92O₄ single crystal particles. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1549-1562. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240022
6. [6]
  Qingtang ZHANG , Xiaoyu WU , Zheng WANG , Xiaomei WANG . Performance of nano Li₂FeSiO₄/C cathode material co-doped by potassium and chlorine ions. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1689-1696. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240115
7. [7]
  Feng Lin , Zhongxin Jin , Caiying Li , Cheng Shao , Yang Xu , Fangze Li , Siqi Liu , Ruining Gu . Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Nickel Foam-Supported Ni(OH)₂-NiMoO₄ Electrode Material. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(10): 225-232. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412017
8. [8]
  Yuanchao LI , Weifeng HUANG , Pengchao LIANG , Zifang ZHAO , Baoyan XING , Dongliang YAN , Li YANG , Songlin WANG . Effect of heterogeneous dual carbon sources on electrochemical properties of LiMn_0.8Fe_0.2PO₄/C composites. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 751-760. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230252
9. [9]
  Xinpeng LIU , Liuyang ZHAO , Hongyi LI , Yatu CHEN , Aimin WU , Aikui LI , Hao HUANG . Ga₂O₃ coated modification and electrochemical performance of Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂ cathode material. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(6): 1105-1113. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230488
10. [10]
  Yuting ZHANG , Zunyi LIU , Ning LI , Dongqiang ZHANG , Shiling ZHAO , Yu ZHAO . Nickel vanadate anode material with high specific surface area through improved co-precipitation method: Preparation and electrochemical properties. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(11): 2163-2174. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240204
11. [11]
  Ru SONG , Biao WANG , Chunling LU , Bingbing NIU , Dongchao QIU . Electrochemical properties of stable and highly active PrBa_0.5Sr_0.5Fe_1.6Ni_0.4O_5+δ cathode material. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(4): 639-649. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240397
12. [12]
  Pengcheng Yan , Peng Wang , Jing Huang , Zhao Mo , Li Xu , Yun Chen , Yu Zhang , Zhichong Qi , Hui Xu , Henan Li . Engineering Multiple Optimization Strategy on Bismuth Oxyhalide Photoactive Materials for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Applications. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(2): 100014-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309047
13. [13]
  Huirong BAO , Jun YANG , Xiaomiao FENG . Preparation and electrochemical properties of NiCoP/polypyrrole/carbon cloth by electrodeposition. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(6): 1083-1093. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250008
14. [14]
  Tinghui AN , Dong XIANG , Jiaqi LI , Jiawei WANG , Shuming YU , Nan WANG , Kedi CAI . Research progress on the application of laser synthesis technology for electrochemical functional materials. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(9): 1731-1754. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240412
15. [15]
  Yue-Zhou Zhu , Kun Wang , Shi-Sheng Zheng , Hong-Jia Wang , Jin-Chao Dong , Jian-Feng Li . Application and Development of Electrochemical Spectroscopy Methods. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(3): 2304040-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304040
16. [16]
  Zhihuan XU , Qing KANG , Yuzhen LONG , Qian YUAN , Cidong LIU , Xin LI , Genghuai TANG , Yuqing LIAO . Effect of graphene oxide concentration on the electrochemical properties of reduced graphene oxide/ZnS. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1329-1336. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230447
17. [17]
  Kun Xu , Xinxin Song , Zhilei Yin , Jian Yang , Qisheng Song . Comprehensive Experimental Design of Preferential Orientation of Zinc Metal by Heat Treatment for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 192-197. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309050
18. [18]
  Xuechen Hu , Qiuying Xia , Fan Yue , Xinyi He , Zhenghao Mei , Jinshi Wang , Hui Xia , Xiaodong Huang . Electrochemical Characteristics of LiNbO₃ Anode Film and Its Applications in All-Solid-State Thin-Film Lithium-Ion Battery. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(2): 2309046-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309046
19. [19]
  Zhuo Wang , Xue Bai , Kexin Zhang , Hongzhi Wang , Jiabao Dong , Yuan Gao , Bin Zhao . MOF-Templated Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon for Enhanced Electrochemical Sodium Ion Storage and Removal. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(3): 100026-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202405002
20. [20]
  Jiahong ZHENG , Jingyun YANG . Preparation and electrochemical properties of hollow dodecahedral CoNi₂S₄ supported by MnO₂ nanowires. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(10): 1881-1891. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240170

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(1)
Abstract views(90)
HTML views(10)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142