共价键稳定性的影响因素

引用本文: 王稼国, 荆西平. 共价键稳定性的影响因素[J]. 化学通报, 2016, 79(9): 864-875. shu

Citation: Wang Jiaguo, Jing Xiping. Influence Factors to the Stability of Covalent Bond[J]. Chemistry, 2016, 79(9): 864-875. shu

共价键稳定性的影响因素

王稼国 ^1, ,
荆西平 ^2,

1.
1. 温州大学化学与材料工程学院温州 325035;
2.
2. 北京大学化学与分子工程学院北京 100871

摘要: 虽然小分子中的共价键强度可以很方便地通过高斯计算而相当准确地得到，一些手册和数据库中也可以直接查出部分键能/离解能数据，但共价键的强弱变化的影响因素分析在化学教学中仍然显得非常重要。共价键的强弱与成键原子及其环境密切相关，其中成键原子因素主要包括原子半径、成键类型、成键轨道类型、相对论效应、电负性、成键数量、反馈效应和孤电子对效应，而成键环境因素包括键间张力效应、离域效应、次级化学键效应、诱导效应和位阻效应。在教学中，我们可以通过对化学键影响因素的分析帮助学生理解共价键键能的变化规律。本文分析了影响共价键强弱的主要因素，并介绍了这种分析思路在化学教学中的应用。

关键词:

English

Influence Factors to the Stability of Covalent Bond

Wang Jiaguo ^1, ,
Jing Xiping ^2,

1.
1. College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035;
2.
2. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871
Received Date: 13 January 2016

Abstract: Although covalent bond strengths in small molecules can be obtained by Gaussian calculations, or available in some databases and handbooks, analysis of the influencing factors on covalent bond is still very important in chemistry teaching. The bond strength has close relations to both the bonding atoms and the bonding surrounding, the former include atomic radii, bonding symmetry, bonding orbitals, relativistic effect, electronegativity, bonding multiplicity, feedback effect, lone pair effect, and so on; the latter include bonding tension effect, delocalization effect, secondary bond effect, induction effect, steric effect, and so on. By this analysis, we can guide students to realize the variation tendency of the covalent bond energies. The influence of the bonding atom and the bonding surrounding on the covalent bond strength are discussed, and the application of this analyzing approach in chemistry teaching are introduced.

Key words:

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共价键稳定性的影响因素

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Influence Factors to the Stability of Covalent Bond

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共价键稳定性的影响因素

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