长期以来，氢燃料一直被认为是一种有前途和可行的传统化石燃料的替代品，可以支撑我们未来的能源格局。电催化水分解是一种可用于大规模高效生产高纯度氢气的可持续和环保的技术。该技术的工业化需要我们不断地提高两个电极上的析氢反应(HER)和析氧反应(OER)的反应动力学。此外，催化剂催化活性和结构稳定性的持续优化对于该技术的实际实施同样关键。因此，合适的催化剂的选取是影响电催化水分解的关键因素之一。二维(2D)纳米材料由于其独特的物理化学性质和丰富的活性位点成为了电解水领域的热点。此外，2D材料独特的物理化学特性能与外加物理场之间高度契合，可以产生一些独特的效果来增强电催化性能。因此，近些年，外加物理场在辅助改善HER和OER方面的作用和机制越来越受到关注。外加物理场，如电场，磁场，应变，光，温度和超声波，可以应用于催化剂合成和电催化过程。本文首先总结了物理场辅助电解水催化剂合成的研究。随后，根据外场在电催化过程中作用机制的不同，对外场辅助HER和OER的研究进行了分类。最后，本文指出了本领域快速发展所面临的主要挑战和前景。

To address the longstanding challenge in traditional carborane methodology of rapidly and efficiently constructing carboranyl-based polycyclic frameworks, Pd-catalyzed one-pot reactions between pyridyl-substituted nido-carboranes and alkynes directly afford two distinct types of 2D-3D fused carboranyl polycyclic compounds: 3a-3f, 4a-4d. The structures of this series of compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, and a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed. Crystal structures reveal that the multiple rings in such 2D-3D fused carboranyl polycyclic compounds exhibit a certain degree of coplanarity. Furthermore, these compounds exhibited properties distinct from those of conventional 2D polycyclic systems.