采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.

Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composites were synthesized using the solvothermal method with ethylene glycol as the solvent. Bi₂O₃ was grown on the surface of BiVO₄ by regulating the reaction temperature. The adsorption performance of the composite for rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated. The results indicate that the reaction temperature significantly impacts the morphology and adsorption performance of Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄. The Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composite prepared at 180 ℃ (180-BO@BVO) consisted of nanoparticles with an average size of 7 nm, featuring a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies on the surface, but with a lower specific surface area (only 1.2 m²·g^-1). 180-BO@BVO, with oxygen species adsorbed at surface oxygen vacancies carrying a negative charge, achieved an impressive RhB removal efficiency of up to 83.0% through electrostatic interaction with RhB. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that it is predominantly governed by chemical adsorption. After five cycles of adsorption experiments, the removal efficiency of RhB by composites remained basically unchanged (more than 80%), demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.

合成了二(邻氟苄基)锡-2，2′-联吡啶-6，6′-二甲酸(H₂bpdc)配合物[Sn(o-F-C₆H₄CH₂)₂(bpdc)(H₂O)]₂·H₂O (1)和二正丁基锡-2，2′-联吡啶-6，6′-二甲酸配合物[Sn(n-C₄H₉)₂(bpdc)(H₂O)]·H₂O (2)。通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振谱(¹H、¹³C和¹¹⁹Sn)、差热分析进行了表征；用单晶X射线衍射方法测定了配合物的晶体结构，对其结构进行量子化学计算，测定了配合物对人胃腺癌细胞(AGS)、人急性淋巴母细胞白血病细胞(MOLT4)和人乳腺癌细胞(MDA-MB-231)的体外抑制活性。结果显示: 配合物均为单核分子，中心锡原子均为七配位的畸变五角双锥构型；除配合物2对MDA-MB-231的抑制活性相对较弱外，配合物对其它细胞均显示了较强的抑制活性。

随着电池、电镀和采矿业的发展，镉(Cd²⁺)等重金属离子被大量排放，对环境造成严重威胁。由于废水中Cd²⁺浓度低，传统的去除技术存在动力学慢、二次污染等问题。因此，本文通过微波热解和KOH活化工艺，制备了荷叶衍生碳，开发了基于生物质衍生碳、不对称结构的电容性去离子(CDI)系统。结果表明，获得的纳米片状薄碳(NSTC-3)具有3705.0 m²∙g^-1的超高比表面积，在0.5 A∙g^-1电流密度下展现了92.5 F∙g^-1的比电容(NSTC-3为工作电极，商业活性炭YP-50F为对电极)。分别以YP-50F、NSTC-3为阳极和阴极，在1.2 V电压下，实现了88.6 mg_Cd·g_cathode^-1的电吸附容量(Cd²⁺的初始浓度为100 mg∙L^-1)，比对称构型(NSTC-3//NSTC-3)的性能提高了36.3%。优异的去除性能和良好的循环稳定性归因于电极表面电荷性质的调控和不对称电极结构的构建，从而最大限度地减少了同离子排斥，调节了电极电势分布。本研究为设计生物炭基电化学水处理工艺提供了新思路。