酒，乃天地之精华，文化之载体，品一杯佳酿，如同品一段历史，品一份人生。白酒在各种场合中发挥着重要作用，它不仅仅是一种饮品，还寄托着人们对美好生活的向往和追求。本文采用生动形象的对话形式，通俗易懂地描述了白酒酿制的五个主要过程——选料、糖化、发酵、蒸馏和陈酿，重点介绍了其中的主要化学成分以及酿制过程中的化学反应，白酒的酿造过程体现了匠心独运的精神以及酒文化的博大精深。通过品味白酒，可以更好地感悟人生的哲理和智慧。好酒需要陈放才能更加醇香，人生也需要经历岁月的沉淀才能更加丰富多彩。

本研究开发了一例近红外荧光探针NSHD，该探针由商业原料经一步合成得到。NSHD以荧光-比色双模式快速响应过氧亚硝酸根阴离子(ONOO^-)，不受生命体其他常见金属离子、活性物种和生理范围pH变化的干扰。在0~20 μmol·L^-1范围内，探针荧光强度与ONOO^-浓度间存在良好的线性关系。质谱测试数据表明ONOO^-使探针发生氧化裂解，导致荧光发射和颜色变化。此外，该探针具有良好的生物相容性，在活HeLa细胞(人类宫颈癌细胞)中实现了对胞内ONOO^-的成像。

Herein, manganese (Mn)-doped poly(1, 5-diaminonaphthalene) (PN) electrode material (Mn@PN) was synthesized via chemical oxidative polymerization. The material′s distinctive vesicular architecture enables rapid ion transport while maintaining the structural stability of the electrode under continuous charge-discharge cycles. Electrochemical characterization under a three-electrode system revealed exceptional rate capability: Mn@PN delivered an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 10 318 F·g^-1 at a low current density of 3 A·g^-1 and retained 9 415 F·g^-1 (91.2% retention compared to the value at 3 A·g^-1) even at an ultrahigh current density of 50 A·g^-1. Moreover, the material exhibited 97.4% capacitance retention after 9 000 cycles at 30 A·g^-1, corresponding with a low capacitance decay rate of 0.003‰ per cycle, significantly outperforming conventional conductive polymers like polyaniline (PANI). An asymmetric supercapacitor assembled with Mn@PN as the positive electrode (Mn@PN||AC) achieved an energy density of 328 Wh·kg^-1 at 15 A·g^-1 and retained 80.7% of its initial specific capacitance after 4 000 cycles at 20 A·g^-1.