In this study, ZnSnO₃/NiO heterostructures were synthesized using a co-precipitation method followed by an annealing process. The gas-sensitive characteristics of the sensors based on these samples were evaluated. The results indicate that the sensor performance was optimized when the molar ratio of Ni to Zn was 1∶2. Specifically, the response values of the ZnSnO₃/NiO-2-based sensor to 100 μL·L^-1 triethylamine (TEA) gas at 220 ℃ reached 70.6, which were 6.1 times higher than that of the pure ZnSnO₃ based sensor. The findings demonstrate that ZnSnO₃/NiO heterostructures exhibited not only short response and recovery times (1 s/18 s) but also good gas selectivity, repeatability, and long-term stability. The enhanced sensing mechanism has been investigated in detail.

围绕分子开关及聚集诱导发光的科研热点领域进行本科教学实验设计，将光致变色二芳烯巧妙嵌合于具有聚集诱导发光性能的四芳烯体系中，制备得到兼具变色和发光功能的新型杂合四芳烯光控荧光分子开关，科教融合，将科研前沿引入到本科实验教学。从物质的制备、分离提纯、结构表征和性能测试等方面进行了综合实验探索。本实验分子设计简练新颖，内容丰富，现象明显，在综合运用和巩固本科学习的基本理论和基本操作的基础上，激发学生的科研兴趣，培养团结协作和突破创新的科学精神。

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAm)交联温敏纳米纤维膜作为一种相变温度易于控制的新兴响应性材料，克服了传统PNIPAm块状水凝胶的生产成本高、响应速率慢和PNIPAm非交联温敏纳米纤维耐水性差的缺点，受到广泛研究并应用于智能开关、温度致动器、水油分离、药物、细胞控制释放和伤口敷料等领域。形貌稳定性和快速响应性是温敏纳米纤维膜在重复体积变化过程中最大的挑战，同时也作为评价PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜的实用性最重要指标引起了人们广泛的关注。本文全面综述了PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜近二十年来国内外的突破性进展和非交联作用下PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜的形貌变化和响应性，重点综合分析了物理和化学交联中交联反应类型、交联度、交联时间和交联分子量对PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜的形貌稳定性和响应行为的影响，为之后纤维膜的交联处理提供了理论支持，并对PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜的发展及应用前景进行了展望。

本文介绍了一个有机化学综合实验，实验以水杨醛、苯硼酸和芳胺为反应底物，通过芳胺上取代基控制亲核性选择性地制备二芳基甲胺和三芳基甲烷，并利用核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)和碳谱(¹³C NMR)对产物结构进行表征。本实验与理论知识相结合，启发学生进行机理方面的思考，帮助他们开拓知识视野，更好地树立“绿色化学”理念和环保意识。

Herein, an FMS/CC composite was successfully fabricated by depositing FeMoS₄ onto a pristine carbon fiber cloth (CC) substrate via a facile two-step hydrothermal method. The amorphous nature of the FMS/CC composite endows it with abundant catalytically active sites, thereby accelerating the reduction of I₃^-. More importantly, the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) prepared by scraping it on flexible titanium mesh with low resistance had low series resistance (R_s). Electrochemical characterizations revealed that the DSSCs employing the FMS/CC counter electrode achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ca. 9.51% (surpassing the ca. 8.15% efficiency of the Pt counter electrode), open-circuit voltage (V_oc) of ca. 0.79 V, short-circuit current density (J_sc) of ca. 18.31 mA·cm^-2, and fill factor (FF) of ca. 0.65. Moreover, after 100 times of cyclic voltammetry (CV) test, the CV curve remainedunchanged, indicating the excellent stability of FMS/CC in the electrolyte containing I^3-/I^-.

酚是年产超千万吨的廉价化工原料，广泛应用于有机合成中的各类重要转化。大学基础化学中关于酚类化合物反应类型的介绍主要是富电子芳环和酚羟基氧上的取代反应，两类产物中均保留了酚的惰性C―O键。为进一步拓展酚类化合物的应用价值，人们通过在酚氧原子上引入不同活化基，借助金属催化打断C―O键，实现了各类高效的脱氧偶联反应。然而，该策略的反应条件通常较为苛刻，并且可能导致产物中有金属残留，限制了其在制药等领域的广泛应用。为挑战上述难题，化学家们发现利用光、电等手段，在温和条件下可将酚的一些简单衍生物通过C―O键的选择性断裂产生芳基自由基。借助芳基自由基的高反应活性和选择性，实现一些新颖和高效的化学转化，为酚的合成应用提供新的策略和方法。本文介绍了利用酚的三氟甲基磺酸酯、磷酸酯和碳酸酯等作为芳基自由基前体的挑战和难点，以及如何实现一些精细化学品精准构建的最新研究进展，期望可以为学有余力的同学们拓宽知识面。

过渡金属催化偶联反应是非常重要的现代有机合成方法，但由于一些反应条件及催化剂的价格限制，尚未在本科实验教学中大规模推广。为了让学生切身体会现代有机化学的发展及绿色化学理念，我们设计了一个反应条件温和、操作步骤简单、原料及催化剂廉价易得的过渡金属催化偶联反应——铜催化芳基硼酸与烷基亚磺酸盐的氧化偶联反应合成芳基砜类化合物。以醋酸铜和N-甲基咪唑为催化剂、空气作为氧化剂，催化4-乙酰基苯硼酸及甲基亚磺酸钠的偶联反应，以中等产率得到4-甲砜基苯乙酮。本实验包括无水实验操作、微量试剂的称量及加料、薄层色谱及旋转蒸发技术、熔点测定等实验操作。此外，本实验可以拓展为探究实验，让学生初步学习有机合成实验研究方法及数据处理、分析方法，了解过渡金属催化有机反应中主要的影响因素，培养学生科学研究的思维，提高学生的综合化学素养。本实验已经在本科生实验教学中进行了验证。

Three new 3-pyridazinyl-substituted triaryltriazoles, 4-(4-R-phenyl)-3-(2-pyridyl)-5-(3-pyridazinyl)-1,2,4-triazole (L¹: R=OCH₃; L²: R=H; L³: R=F) and their Cu(Ⅱ) complexes, trans-[Cu(L¹)₂(NO₃)₂]·H₂O (1), trans-[Cu(L²)₂(NO₃)₂] (2) and trans-[Cu(L³)₂(H₂O)₂](NO₃)₂ (3), have been synthesized and characterized by FTIR, ¹H NMR, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray crystallography. Crystal structure analyses reveal that the supramolecular trimer (L¹)₃ and complex 3 crystallize in the triclinic P1 space group, the ligand L² and complexes 1 and 2 belong to the monoclinic P2₁/c space group, while the ligand L³ crystallizes in the monoclinic P2₁/n space group. There is a hydrogen-bonded trimer (L¹)₃ in the asymmetric unit of the ligand L¹. In the complexes 1-3, there is a distorted [CuN₄O₂] octahedron with two NO₃^- ions located in the axial positions in 1 and 2, whereas the two water molecules occupy the axial sites in 3. In the equatorial plane of 1-3, each L ligand adopts a chelating bidentate mode to bind the Cu(Ⅱ) ion through the pyridyl N atom and one triazole N atom, leaving the pyridazinyl group uncoordinated. The intermolecular interactions in the free ligands and the complexes have been explored by 3D Hirshfeld surface analyses and 2D fingerprint plots to reveal that the main intermolecular interactions are H…H and C…H/H…C contacts in (L¹)₃, H…H and N…H/H…N contacts in L², H…H, N…H/H…N and C…H/H…C in L³, H…H and O…H/H…O contacts in both 1 and 2, H…H, N…H/H…N and O…H/H…O contacts in 3.

面向化学类(非高分子)专业的高分子化学实验教学发展较为缓慢，亟需紧跟研究前沿，引入新内容。本文总结了近十年的教学改革经验，并以温敏型高分子的制备、溶液性质、光学性能与应用为例，介绍如何通过实验教学内容、实验技术、教学方法等方面的创新，设计符合理科人才培养需求的、契合时代与科学发展的、被学生喜爱与重视的一系列高分子化学实验，以有效解决培养需求与课业负担之间的矛盾，且在不新增开课、课时有限的情况下，加入到化学类专业本科教学体系中，激发学生对学科领域的兴趣，提升学生的探究和创新能力。