Herein, the positively charged two-dimensional (2D) porous silica (PSN⁺) nanosheet was obtained by modifying the 2D silica obtained from acid-etched 2D vermiculite, and then the PSN⁺ was used as the filler of polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). Given the abundant positive charges, PSN⁺ effectively binds with the anions dissociated from lithium salts, thereby promoting lithium-ion transport and achieving a decent lithium-ion transference number. At 50 ℃, the PSN⁺-based SPEs demonstrated a higher ionic conductivity of 7.5×10^-5 S·cm^-1, lithium-ion transference number of 0.30, and a stable voltage window of 4.41 V. Consequently, the as-assembled LiFePO₄||Li batteries delivered excellent initial discharge specific capacity of 155.7 mAh·g^-1 at 0.2C with 97.1% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 50 ℃.

采用高温固相法制备了LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄(LNMO)，然后采用湿化学法在多面体LNMO表面涂覆AlPO₄(AP)，制备得到LNMO-AP复合材料。实验结果表明，AlPO₄与LNMO的质量比为1%时制备的LNMO-1% AP|Li电池表现出较好的电化学性能，其在1C条件下循环450次后，放电比容量为108.78 mAh·g^-1，而未涂覆AP的LNMO|Li电池的放电比容量仅为86.04 mAh·g^-1。特别是在5C和10C的高倍率条件下，前者的电化学性能远远优于后者。这归因于AP涂层使与电解液接触的LNMO表面更加稳定，有效地促进了Li⁺的传输并降低了电极的极化电压。

通过加入聚苯胺(PANI)提高聚乙烯醇(PVA)水凝胶电解质的导电性，并引入纳米SiO₂，使其与PVA中的羟基形成氢键相互作用，从而改善电解质的力学性能、离子传输能力和结构稳定性。所制备的PVA/PANI/SiO₂导电水凝胶电解质表现出高的拉伸应力(15.45 MPa)、应变(516.09%)、离子迁移数(0.56)和离子电导率(0.992 mS·cm^-1)，以及宽的电化学窗口(2.56 V)。使用该电解质的对称电池可实现超过1 200 h的稳定循环且锌沉积均匀。改性后的电解质显著提升了电池的电化学和力学性能，同时增强了其循环稳定性和电化学可逆性。

A functional interlayer based on two-dimensional (2D) porous modified vermiculite nanosheets (PVS) was obtained by acid-etching vermiculite nanosheets. The as-obtained 2D porous nanosheets exhibited a high specific surface area of 427 m²•g^-1 and rich surface active sites, which help restrain polysulfides (LiPSs) through good physical and chemical adsorption, while simultaneously accelerating the nucleation and dissolution kinetics of Li₂S, effectively suppressing the shuttle effect. The assembled lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) employing the PVS-based interlayer delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 1 386 mAh•g^-1 at 0.1C (167.5 mAh•g^-1), long-term cycling stability, and good rate property.

Herein, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was used to modify F-containing silica slag (SS) by simple grafting and served as a multifunctional barrier layer. The amino group (—NH₂) in the amino-modified SS (NH₂-SS) forms ligand bonds or hydrogen bonds with sulfur ions in lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), thus inhibiting the shuttle effect. Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries employing the NH₂-SS interlayer exhibited discharge specific capacities of 1 048 and 789 mAh·g^-1 at 0.2C and 2C, respectively, and even at 4C, the initial discharge specific capacity remained at 590 mAh·g^-1, outperforming the Li-S battery with unmodified SS as the interlayer.