在化学合成、分析测定实验过程中，溶液pH是影响实验结果的重要因素之一。熟练掌握测定溶液pH的方法，是高校化学类专业学生必须掌握的基本实验技能。本文主要介绍了pH试纸及其他试纸和pH计的工作原理及使用方法，并对测定过程中的具体操作提出规范建议。

左旋肉碱，细胞城的“能量使者”，负责将长链脂肪酸送入线粒体进行β-氧化，释放能量。本文拟人化地描绘了其生物合成、组织分布、运输机制及在脂肪酸代谢中的关键作用，强调其在促进减肥和健康改善中的重要性，旨在普及左旋肉碱的科学知识，提升公众对其重要性的认识。

采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

病毒一直是人类生存和发展的重大威胁，近年来新冠肺炎疫情更是直观地凸显了病毒的危害性。小分子药物在人类抗击疾病的历史中扮演着重要的角色。在对抗病毒的过程中，人类发展出一系列防治手段，其中小分子抗病毒药物占据着重要地位。本文借鉴中国古代经典军事策略“三十六计”的智慧，简要回顾了小分子抗病毒药物的发展历程，并着重介绍了碘苷、沙奎那韦、奥司他韦等代表性药物的设计思路与作用原理。此外，本文还展望了小分子抗病毒药物及抗病毒手段未来的发展方向。

Luminescence thermometry has attracted more and more attention due to its non-contact and noninvasive operation, fast response, high spatial resolution, and so on, for which the luminescent thermometers are the key. Here, a 1D complex [Tb₄(HTC4A)(TC4A)(OBBA)₂(CH₃OH)₄(μ₄-OH)]_n (1) was obtained by solvothermal synthesis, where H₄TC4A=p-tert-butylthiacalix^[4]arene, and H₂OBBA=4, 4′-oxybisbenzoic acid. This complex is featured with a chain-like polymer constructed by bridging some sandwich-like Tb₄-(TC4A)₂ entities through OBBA^2- ligands. It exhibited the characteristic emission of the Tb³⁺ ion. Both fluorescence intensity and lifetime decreased with increasing temperature. The relative sensitivity was up to 8.743%·K^-1 at 473 K, indicating it is a good ratiometric luminescent thermometer. This complex had good stability under different pH values and in common solvents.

分光光度法是基于物质对紫外、可见等光谱区辐射的选择性吸收特性进行定性与定量分析的光谱分析法，具有操作简便、灵敏度高、测定快速及应用广泛等特点。分光光度计是实现该方法的仪器，其规范操作是化学类等专业学生必备的实验技能。本文主要介绍紫外-可见分光光度法(简称分光光度法)的基本原理及分光光度计的使用方法，并提出相应的操作规范建议。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.