抗癌药物伊立替康中间体7-乙基喜树碱的合成是杂环芳烃的烷基化反应。本案例通过将实验过程与药物合成和“健康中国”相关联，对实验进行了创新性的思政融入设计。师生全员在案例的导入、研讨、实施、反思与考核的全过程进行全方位的课程思政教育，解决了实验课只注重实验内容而忽略思政教育的问题，实现了“三全育人”。在此过程中不仅激发了学生的学习兴趣，有效地进行了科学思维和创新思维的训练，培养了学生的探索精神和创新意识，而且强化了学生提高原子利用率的绿色化学意识、环保意识和可持续发展意识，提升了学生为健康中国贡献力量的责任感和使命感，坚定了学生运用所学专业知识服务国家的决心和信心。

本实验设计合成了铜-焦脱镁叶绿酸a甲酯(Cu-MPPa)，用于活性氧(ROS)介导的癌症治疗和消耗谷胱甘肽，并通过类Fenton反应循环产氧维持细胞内高浓度氧。实验过程中考察了Cu-MPPa的活性氧产生能力、氧气产生能力和谷胱甘肽消耗能力等性能。所合成中间体的结构用质谱进行了表征。这个实验综合了有机化学合成、仪器分析化学和生物化学实验，要求由三名学生组成实验小组，大约需要24学时，旨在培养学生综合创新能力、解决复杂问题能力和培养团队合作精神。

采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

光动力疗法(PDT)作为一种美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准的治疗手段，在肿瘤治疗领域取得了显著进展。然而，传统的PDT由于活性氧(ROS)的瞬时性、过度的光毒性以及诱导经典凋亡的特性，可能导致预后效果较差。本研究利用带正电荷的碳点光敏剂(PCDs)与新吲哚菁绿(IR820)之间的静电相互作用构建了一种纳米工程化碳点(NCDs)。通过调控IR820的引入比例，可改变NCDs的表面电荷与两亲性特征，从而优化其细胞膜锚定能力。此外，IR820的J聚集导致其荧光从NIR-Ⅰ区红移到NIR-Ⅱ区，从而实现NIR-Ⅱ成像。值得注意的是，IR820对PCDs的光活性具有淬灭作用，因此，NCDs的PDT效应依赖于750 nm激光照射下IR820的光漂白和577 nm激光照射下PCDs的光动力。最终，体外与体内实验均表明，在级联激光照射下，膜靶向的NCDs可以有效增强肿瘤细胞焦亡，从而以最小副作用实现肿瘤清除，同时激活免疫响应以抑制肿瘤的肺转移。本研究开发了一种多功能的纳米工程化碳点，提供了一种可控性强、治疗效果好以及安全性高的肿瘤光动力免疫治疗新策略，展现出良好的临床应用前景。

通过浸渍法制备了N、Mn改性半焦活性炭(SC)催化剂N_xMn_y-SC(x∶y为N和Mn的质量比)，并用于催化臭氧(O₃)氧化降解水中的盐酸四环素(TC)。结果表明，Mn的负载量与材料表面Mn含量及结构无序度呈正相关，其中N与Mn的质量比为1∶3时制备的N₁Mn₃-SC表现出最优催化性能。提高催化剂投加量、O₃流速和反应温度均有助于提升TC降解率，而高的初始TC质量浓度则会抑制降解效果，溶液pH的影响呈现随pH升高先促进后抑制的趋势，并于pH=7时达到最佳降解效果。在催化剂用量为200 mg·L^-1、TC质量浓度为30 mg·L^-1、pH=7、25 ℃、O₃流速为30 mL·min^-1的最优条件下，N₁Mn₃-SC可在20 min内实现93.46%的TC降解率，一级反应速率常数达0.138 2 min^-1，显著高于SC(0.080 1 min^-1)。水中腐殖酸(HA)、HCO₃^-和Cl^-会竞争消耗羟基自由基(·OH)，轻微抑制反应进程。该催化剂经5次循环使用后仍保持84.13%的降解率，但比表面积下降至21 m²·g^-1，表面Mn、N及含氧官能团含量减少，缺陷与石墨化拉曼峰强度的比值(I_D/I_G)降低至0.983，表明其结构有序度有所上升。自由基猝灭实验证实·OH、超氧自由基(·O₂^-)和单线态氧(¹O₂)共同参与催化过程，其中¹O₂作用尤为关键。中间产物分析表明，TC主要通过脱烷基、脱酰胺等途径分解，最终矿化为CO₂和H₂O。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.

Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composites were synthesized using the solvothermal method with ethylene glycol as the solvent. Bi₂O₃ was grown on the surface of BiVO₄ by regulating the reaction temperature. The adsorption performance of the composite for rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated. The results indicate that the reaction temperature significantly impacts the morphology and adsorption performance of Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄. The Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composite prepared at 180 ℃ (180-BO@BVO) consisted of nanoparticles with an average size of 7 nm, featuring a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies on the surface, but with a lower specific surface area (only 1.2 m²·g^-1). 180-BO@BVO, with oxygen species adsorbed at surface oxygen vacancies carrying a negative charge, achieved an impressive RhB removal efficiency of up to 83.0% through electrostatic interaction with RhB. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that it is predominantly governed by chemical adsorption. After five cycles of adsorption experiments, the removal efficiency of RhB by composites remained basically unchanged (more than 80%), demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.

本文介绍了一种污水处理方法——光催化-非均相芬顿耦合技术，引导学生以光芬顿降解罗丹明B作为研究对象。采用原位离子交换反应制备硫化FeOCl (FeS/FeOCl)异质结催化剂，表征其结构、形貌和光学性质，并探究其光芬顿降解罗丹明B的性能。该实验易于操作，现象明显，有助于提高本科生的实验操作技能，培养科研能力，并增强环保意识。