仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

合成了一种稳定、易合成的多酸(即多金属氧酸盐，简称POM)基Cu-MOF杂化物(POM-Cu-MOF)，并将其制备成碳糊电极(CPE)，记为POM-Cu-MOF-CPE。利用标准的三电极系统研究了其电化学行为。结果表明，在pH=1~4的范围内，POM-Cu-MOF-CPE的循环伏安法曲线呈现出4对可逆的氧化还原对，分别对应Cu²⁺/Cu⁺的单电子氧化还原及钼系POM中Mo⁶⁺的三步双电子、双质子氧化还原过程。与经典Keggin型POM在水溶液中的电化学性能对比可知，POM-Cu-MOF-CPE具有更宽的电化学窗口。对水中常见的污染离子(IO₃^-、NO₂^-、Cr₂O₇^2-)的电催化研究表明，POM-Cu-MOF中归属于Mo⁶⁺的4e^-→6e^-还原产物的阴极峰对上述水中污染物的电催化还原反应展现出优异的催化性能，检出限达到痕量检测标准。在常见的干扰物共存体系中，POM-Cu-MOF-CPE仍保持稳定的电流响应，表现出强抗干扰能力。

采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.

Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composites were synthesized using the solvothermal method with ethylene glycol as the solvent. Bi₂O₃ was grown on the surface of BiVO₄ by regulating the reaction temperature. The adsorption performance of the composite for rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated. The results indicate that the reaction temperature significantly impacts the morphology and adsorption performance of Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄. The Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composite prepared at 180 ℃ (180-BO@BVO) consisted of nanoparticles with an average size of 7 nm, featuring a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies on the surface, but with a lower specific surface area (only 1.2 m²·g^-1). 180-BO@BVO, with oxygen species adsorbed at surface oxygen vacancies carrying a negative charge, achieved an impressive RhB removal efficiency of up to 83.0% through electrostatic interaction with RhB. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that it is predominantly governed by chemical adsorption. After five cycles of adsorption experiments, the removal efficiency of RhB by composites remained basically unchanged (more than 80%), demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.

本文介绍了一种污水处理方法——光催化-非均相芬顿耦合技术，引导学生以光芬顿降解罗丹明B作为研究对象。采用原位离子交换反应制备硫化FeOCl (FeS/FeOCl)异质结催化剂，表征其结构、形貌和光学性质，并探究其光芬顿降解罗丹明B的性能。该实验易于操作，现象明显，有助于提高本科生的实验操作技能，培养科研能力，并增强环保意识。

通过简便、高效、可规模化的一步高温氮化法，利用高温烧结使二氧化钛(TiO₂)粉末在转化成氮化钛(TiN)的同时形成连续的三维多孔网络，具有良好的导电性和高孔隙率。作为高效限硫载体，连续的三维多孔TiN网络不仅能有效增加电子传输路径、增强电子转移、促进离子迁移，而且能够从物理限域和化学吸附两方面对多硫化锂的穿梭效应进行强有力的限制，同时有效提高了硫的负载量。制备的高导电性、高硫负载硫正极展现出较高的放电容量和优异的循环稳定性能。

A novel one-dimensional (1D) polycarbonyl coordination polymer [Cu(BGPD)(DMA)(H₂O)]·DMA (named Cu-BD, H₂BGPD=N, N′-bis(glycinyl)pyromellitic diimide; DMA=dimethylacetamide) was synthesized, and evaluated as a cathode material for lithium - ion batteries (LIBs) for the first time. The electrochemical performance study revealed that the Cu-BD cathode exhibited better cycling stability and a specific capacity of 50 mAh·g^-1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 50 mA·g^-1. The study of the reaction mechanism for the Cu-BD electrode discloses that both BGPD^2- ligands and Cu(Ⅱ) ions may take part in the electron-transfer process during charging and discharging.

A 3D nitrogen-doped graphene/multi-walled carbon nanotube (CS-GO-NCNT) crosslinked network material was successfully synthesized utilizing chitosan and melamine as carbon and nitrogen sources, concomitant with the incorporation of multi-wall carbon nanotubes and employing freeze drying technology. The material amalgamates the merits of 1D/2D hybrid carbon materials, wherein 1D carbon nanotubes confer robustness and expedited electron transport pathways, while 2D graphene sheets facilitate rapid ion migration. Furthermore, the introduction of nitrogen heteroatoms serves to furnish additional active sites for lithium storage. When served as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the CS-GO-NCNT electrode delivered a reversible capacity surpassing 500 mAh·g^-1, markedly outperforming commercial graphite anodes. Even after 300 cycles at a high current density of 1 A·g^-1, it remained a reversible capacity of up to 268 mAh·g^-1.