采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.

课程思政的有效融入是教学质量提升和高素质人才培养的关键。我们以“电动势法测定化学反应的热力学函数”这一实验项目为例，构建了一次深入的实验探究与思政教育相结合的教学实践活动。通过对电动势测定原理和方法的探讨以及反应热力学量的导出，学生们不仅深化了对相关基础理论知识的理解，提升了他们解决实际问题的实验技能和创新能力;同时强化了学生的家国情怀以及责任担当意识。

随着计算机技术的快速发展，软件工具在化学教学和研究中的作用日益凸显。本文以Mathematica软件为例，探讨了其在物理化学公式可视化中的应用。借助几个典型的例子，如范德华状态方程、原子轨道与电子云形状以及化学反应速率方程的可视化，为物理化学的教学和研究提供新的视角和方法。通过互动式的学习模式，学生不仅能够通过直观的图形来观察和理解理论背后的物理意义，还能激发他们的兴趣，增强学生学习的主动性和创造性。

随着生成式人工智能(GAI)技术的突破性发展，其在教育领域的应用为传统课程改革提供了全新思路。本文以物理化学课程为切入点，提出并实践了一种以人工智能赋能的教学改革方案，借助DeepSeek的自然语言理解和推理能力，与Xmind、Mathematica以及即梦AI有机整合，构建层级清晰、结构系统的思维脑图，实现动态知识关联与智能扩展；并将复杂数学模型以动态、可交互的形式呈现，突破抽象数学障碍；同时将相关知识点以高精度的示意图或小视频形式展示，实现教学内容的“可视化、可交互、可移动”传达，为化学教育数字化转型提供实践路径。

电动势法测定电解质溶液的平均活度系数是一个经典的物理化学实验。然而，实验过程中，需要持续向溶液中通入氢气以形成氢电极，导致存在氢气泄漏引发爆炸的安全隐患。为解决该问题，本实验提出了一种改进方法：利用电解法制备氢电极来替代原有持续通入氢气的方法。改进后，测量过程中无需持续通入氢气，实验不再需要氢气钢瓶或氢气发生器，从根本上杜绝氢气泄漏和爆炸的风险，确保了实验的安全性。另外，本实验设计不但有助于学生理解物理化学理论课讲授的更多知识点，而且训练了学生掌握电解法制备氢电极的新技能。