【大学化学】doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202406038
源起于发霉甜苜蓿,脱胎于生化实验室,华法林先生起初作为一种强力灭鼠毒药大杀四方。然而,在进入医药领域的道路上,他却因毒药的身份标签和种种流言而饱受质疑和反对。科学家们揭示了华法林抗凝血的机制,并证明了华法林抗凝治疗对患者的益处。从此,华法林先生以及他的衍生物们成为了抗凝治疗和防治鼠害的前线战士。
【大学化学】doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202511107
笔者在大学入学之初就受教于华彤文老师,后来跟随华老师做研究、搞教学、写教材,直至担任《大学化学》主编时依然听取华老师的教诲。在此文中分享40余年来近距离观察、感受和学习华老师严谨治学、勇于担当的教学与研究的态度和方法,期待我国的化学教育教学事业薪火相传,持续发展。
【无机化学学报】doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240404
In this study, ZnSnO3/NiO heterostructures were synthesized using a co-precipitation method followed by an annealing process. The gas-sensitive characteristics of the sensors based on these samples were evaluated. The results indicate that the sensor performance was optimized when the molar ratio of Ni to Zn was 1∶2. Specifically, the response values of the ZnSnO3/NiO-2-based sensor to 100 μL·L-1 triethylamine (TEA) gas at 220 ℃ reached 70.6, which were 6.1 times higher than that of the pure ZnSnO3 based sensor. The findings demonstrate that ZnSnO3/NiO heterostructures exhibited not only short response and recovery times (1 s/18 s) but also good gas selectivity, repeatability, and long-term stability. The enhanced sensing mechanism has been investigated in detail.
【物理化学学报】doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304037
聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAm)交联温敏纳米纤维膜作为一种相变温度易于控制的新兴响应性材料,克服了传统PNIPAm块状水凝胶的生产成本高、响应速率慢和PNIPAm非交联温敏纳米纤维耐水性差的缺点,受到广泛研究并应用于智能开关、温度致动器、水油分离、药物、细胞控制释放和伤口敷料等领域。形貌稳定性和快速响应性是温敏纳米纤维膜在重复体积变化过程中最大的挑战,同时也作为评价PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜的实用性最重要指标引起了人们广泛的关注。本文全面综述了PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜近二十年来国内外的突破性进展和非交联作用下PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜的形貌变化和响应性,重点综合分析了物理和化学交联中交联反应类型、交联度、交联时间和交联分子量对PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜的形貌稳定性和响应行为的影响,为之后纤维膜的交联处理提供了理论支持,并对PNIPAm温敏纳米纤维膜的发展及应用前景进行了展望。
【物理化学学报】doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100337
高效灭藻与生态安全之间的矛盾是光催化治理有害藻华(HABs)的关键瓶颈。传统铜基光催化剂虽具有灭藻效果,但常引发严重的二次污染与水生态毒性。为解决这一矛盾,我们通过将LaCoO3 (LCO)钙钛矿八面体共价锚定于2,4,6-三羟基苯-1,3,5-三甲醛(TP)和2,5-二氨基-1,4-苯二硫醇二盐酸盐(DABDT)溶剂热聚合而成的PTP-DABDT酰胺-亚胺功能骨架上,构建了具有生物安全性的S型异质结光催化材料。飞秒瞬态吸收光谱(fs-TA)和原位光照X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等证实了内建电场(IEF)的形成。该电场驱动超快S型电荷转移,在保持强氧化还原电势的同时能够有效抑制载流子复合。因此,改良后的20LCO/PTP-DABDT复合材料展现出优异的“杀藻-净化”协同性能:在铜绿微囊藻中实现64.39%叶绿素a降解以抑制藻华增殖,同时降解藻细胞释放的微囊藻毒素。更重要的是,对比毒性分析揭示了范式转变——传统铜基杀藻剂会导致非靶标生物(花鲈)100%死亡,而本体系存活率始终高于90%。本研究提出开创性的“生态调控”策略,为兼顾高效灭藻与环境生物安全性提供了可持续解决方案。
【无机化学学报】doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240442
Herein, an FMS/CC composite was successfully fabricated by depositing FeMoS4 onto a pristine carbon fiber cloth (CC) substrate via a facile two-step hydrothermal method. The amorphous nature of the FMS/CC composite endows it with abundant catalytically active sites, thereby accelerating the reduction of I3-. More importantly, the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) prepared by scraping it on flexible titanium mesh with low resistance had low series resistance (Rs). Electrochemical characterizations revealed that the DSSCs employing the FMS/CC counter electrode achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ca. 9.51% (surpassing the ca. 8.15% efficiency of the Pt counter electrode), open-circuit voltage (Voc) of ca. 0.79 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of ca. 18.31 mA·cm-2, and fill factor (FF) of ca. 0.65. Moreover, after 100 times of cyclic voltammetry (CV) test, the CV curve remainedunchanged, indicating the excellent stability of FMS/CC in the electrolyte containing I3-/I-.
【大学化学】doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310126
面向化学类(非高分子)专业的高分子化学实验教学发展较为缓慢,亟需紧跟研究前沿,引入新内容。本文总结了近十年的教学改革经验,并以温敏型高分子的制备、溶液性质、光学性能与应用为例,介绍如何通过实验教学内容、实验技术、教学方法等方面的创新,设计符合理科人才培养需求的、契合时代与科学发展的、被学生喜爱与重视的一系列高分子化学实验,以有效解决培养需求与课业负担之间的矛盾,且在不新增开课、课时有限的情况下,加入到化学类专业本科教学体系中,激发学生对学科领域的兴趣,提升学生的探究和创新能力。
