发光寿命是光化学的重要概念，也是体现发光材料性质的一项重要参数。尽管发光材料在人类生产生活、军事及航空航天领域有广泛的应用，但是普通大众对于“发光寿命有长有短”这一科学概念并没有清晰的认识。本项目以生活中的光为切入点，以发光寿命在人眼可识别范围内(>100 ms)的长余辉材料作为展示媒介。通过探究三聚氰胺与苯二甲酸在水介质中的自组装，设计并合成了一类寿命长、亮度高的有机长余辉材料，因其合成方法简单、原料便宜易得、实验现象明显且重现性高，非常适合作为科普主题；同时在日常生活中探寻发光现象，创新设计趣味动画、“光绘涂鸦”等新型科普模式，寓教于乐、寓教于做，点燃人们探究化学世界的热情；借助Bilibili、抖音等网络平台广泛宣传，拓宽化学知识的普及范围。针对具有不同年龄和知识结构对象群体的特点和需求，科普内容设立了多个独立互动模块，“量体裁衣”，力求获得“覆盖面广、接受度高”的效果，让发光寿命真正贴近生活、走向大众。

采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

以硼酸与苯甲酸(BZA)为原材料，通过一步热解法合成了B掺杂的长余辉室温磷光碳量子点(B-CQDs-BZA)。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱与荧光/磷光发射光谱对B-CQDs- BZA的形貌、结构及发光性能进行表征。结果显示，合成的B-CQDs-BZA主要是由无定形碳构成的尺寸介于2.0~4.5 nm之间的零维碳量子点。B-CQDs-BZA经254与302 nm的紫外光照射后，可呈现出长达20 s的蓝色室温磷光，经测试其磷光寿命长达2.09 s。该方法简单、快速且具有普遍适用性，使用多种原材料均可合成长余辉室温磷光CQDs。基于B-CQDs-BZA卓越的室温磷光发光寿命，我们将B-CQDs-BZA成功应用于时间分辨防伪技术。另外，根据水分子对B-CQDs-BZA的猝灭效应，将其制作成湿度试纸，用来检测环境空气的湿度。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

Crystalline@amorphous NiCo₂S₄@MoS₂ (v-NCS@MS) nanostructures were designed and constructed via an ethylene glycol-induced strategy with hydrothermal synthesis and solvothermal method, which simultaneously realized the defect regulation of crystal NiCo₂S₄ in the core. Taking advantage of the flexible protection of an amor-phous shell and the high capacity of a conductive core with defects, the v-NCS@MS electrode exhibited high specific capacity (1 034 mAh·g^-1 at 1 A·g^-1) and outstanding rate capability. Moreover, a hybrid supercapacitor was assembled with v-NCS@MS as cathode and activated carbon (AC) as anode, which can achieve remarkably high specific energy of 111 Wh·kg^-1 at a specific power of 219 W·kg^-1 and outstanding capacity retention of 80.5% after 15 000 cycling at different current densities.

通过溶剂热并辅以硫化法制备了金属有机骨架(MOF)基镍钴双金属硫化物微球，并通过高温热解有机碳源盐酸多巴胺制备了痕量氮掺杂碳包覆(NC)的Ni-Co-S@NC钠离子电池负极材料。这种改性能够有效提高电极材料的导电性以及结构和界面的稳定性，从而提高材料的循环稳定性。其中表面包覆约5 nm碳层的Ni-Co-S@NC-0.5微球具有出色的长循环寿命，其在1A·g^-1下循环1 000圈后，仍有381.8 mAh·g^-1的放电比容量和75.2%的容量保持率，相应地每圈循环的容量衰减量仅为0.126mAh·g^-1；Ni-Co-S@NC-0.5||NVP/C (NVP：Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃)钠离子全电池在1 A·g^-1下经过100次循环后，可逆放电比容量为386.2mAh·g^-1，容量保持率为88.6%，库仑效率稳定在98.1%左右。动力学研究表明，Ni-Co-S@NC-0.5的储钠过程以赝电容行为控制为主，钠离子扩散系数在10^-11~10^-13 cm²·s^-1之间，同时具有相对小的电荷转移阻抗(36.7 Ω)。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.

Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composites were synthesized using the solvothermal method with ethylene glycol as the solvent. Bi₂O₃ was grown on the surface of BiVO₄ by regulating the reaction temperature. The adsorption performance of the composite for rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated. The results indicate that the reaction temperature significantly impacts the morphology and adsorption performance of Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄. The Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composite prepared at 180 ℃ (180-BO@BVO) consisted of nanoparticles with an average size of 7 nm, featuring a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies on the surface, but with a lower specific surface area (only 1.2 m²·g^-1). 180-BO@BVO, with oxygen species adsorbed at surface oxygen vacancies carrying a negative charge, achieved an impressive RhB removal efficiency of up to 83.0% through electrostatic interaction with RhB. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that it is predominantly governed by chemical adsorption. After five cycles of adsorption experiments, the removal efficiency of RhB by composites remained basically unchanged (more than 80%), demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.

本文介绍了一种污水处理方法——光催化-非均相芬顿耦合技术，引导学生以光芬顿降解罗丹明B作为研究对象。采用原位离子交换反应制备硫化FeOCl (FeS/FeOCl)异质结催化剂，表征其结构、形貌和光学性质，并探究其光芬顿降解罗丹明B的性能。该实验易于操作，现象明显，有助于提高本科生的实验操作技能，培养科研能力，并增强环保意识。