采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.

Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composites were synthesized using the solvothermal method with ethylene glycol as the solvent. Bi₂O₃ was grown on the surface of BiVO₄ by regulating the reaction temperature. The adsorption performance of the composite for rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated. The results indicate that the reaction temperature significantly impacts the morphology and adsorption performance of Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄. The Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composite prepared at 180 ℃ (180-BO@BVO) consisted of nanoparticles with an average size of 7 nm, featuring a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies on the surface, but with a lower specific surface area (only 1.2 m²·g^-1). 180-BO@BVO, with oxygen species adsorbed at surface oxygen vacancies carrying a negative charge, achieved an impressive RhB removal efficiency of up to 83.0% through electrostatic interaction with RhB. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that it is predominantly governed by chemical adsorption. After five cycles of adsorption experiments, the removal efficiency of RhB by composites remained basically unchanged (more than 80%), demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.

氨气是一种有毒气体，排放到空气中会对人类和环境造成不可估量的危害，制备廉价、绿色的氨气吸附材料对于氨气处理具有重要意义。本研究采用低成本的8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸(H₂QS)作为配体，通过简单的低温水热法合成了La³⁺基金属有机框架{[La₄(QS)₆(H₂O)₆]·18H₂O}_n (MOF-LaQS)。实验结果显示，MOF-LaQS在273 K、101 kPa条件下对氨气的最大吸附量可达228 cm³·g^-1(10.2 mmol·g^-1)，且在极低压力(0.101 kPa)下仍能吸附48 cm³·g^-1(2.14 mmol·g^-1)的氨气。通过原位红外光谱和密度泛函理论计算证实了MOF-LaQS中开放的La³⁺金属位点是吸附氨气的关键位点，揭示了其高效吸附氨气的机理。

共价有机框架(COFs)是一类由有机分子通过共价键连接形成的有机多孔结晶聚合物。COFs具有开放的孔道、可定制的功能和出色的稳定性等特点，在气体吸附、催化、能源存储和生物等领域极具前景。本文将简要介绍COFs的定义和分类、合成方法、发展历史及在新兴领域的应用。最后，本文对COFs材料未来发展所面临的机遇和挑战进行了展望。

作为有机化合物的重要分支，有机磷化合物在农业生产、医药化工和环境保护等诸多领域发挥着重要作用。然而，社会上大多数人对有机磷化合物的了解局限于有机磷农药，并因其毒性而“谈磷色变”。本文运用拟人化手法，生动形象地介绍有机磷化合物中有机磷农药的中毒机制、解毒措施和安全使用的方法，同时也介绍了有机磷化合物的其他的广泛用途，旨在让读者在趣味阅读中对有机磷化合物和有机磷农药有更加充分的认识。

有机电化学被国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(IUPAC)列入2023年度化学领域十大新兴技术之一。作为基础化学的重要分支，电化学在本科阶段主要是在无机化学中的“氧化还原反应”和物理化学中的“电解质溶液”等章节介绍了电化学基础知识，但对有机电化学的知识却鲜有提及。本文主要介绍近年来有机电化学的研究热点，并探讨在本科教学中引入有机电化学相关知识的几点思考。

二维共价有机框架(2D COFs)具有拓扑可调性、大比表面积、易于功能化以及出色的稳定性等特性，这些特性使得它们在多相光催化领域中的应用日益广泛。本文首先概述了2D COFs的合成方法，包括溶剂热、离子热、机械化学、微波辅助、声化学和界面合成方法。它简要介绍了影响光催化性能的各种因素，包括结晶度和稳定性、能带结构、电荷转移能力、孔径和比表面积以及光源。随后，讨论转向总结和分析2D COFs作为光催化剂在有机小分子转化反应(如光催化氧化、还原和偶联反应)中的进展。最后，对2D COFs在光催化有机转化领域面临的机遇和挑战进行了总结和展望。