采用原位聚合法制备了氯氧化铋(BiOCl)与聚苯胺(PANI)复合的Ⅱ型异质结光催化剂BiOCl/PANI，并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附测试等多种技术手段对其进行了表征，考察了BiOCl/PANI在模拟可见光下对罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：BiOCl/PANI催化剂比PANI和BiOCl具有更高的光催化活性，在RhB质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、PANI与BiOCl的物质的量之比为0.02∶1、50 mg·L^-1的催化剂条件下，所制备的BiOCl/PANI光催化150 min后，RhB降解率为98.8%，速率常数为0.031 min^-1；经过4次循环实验后，RhB降解率从98.8%降低至98.4%，表现出良好的稳定性和可重复利用性。光催化剂BiOCl/PANI实现了电子和空穴对的快速分离，降低了二者在催化剂内部的复合速率，提高了光催化性能。

代糖是用于替代食品中糖类物质的甜味剂，包含人工代糖和天然代糖。近年来，赤藓糖醇成为了应用最为广泛的代糖之一。虽然赤藓糖醇作为代糖具有诸多优点，但也有研究表明赤藓糖醇具有一定的潜在风险。本文采用访谈稿的形式介绍了赤藓糖醇与代糖以及现有科学研究中赤藓糖醇存在的风险。

仪器分析实验“分子荧光法测定罗丹明B的含量”存在实验过于简单、未考虑实际情况等问题。因此，本改进实验在三维荧光扫描模式下获取样本数据，不进行复杂预处理，而是运用化学计量学算法解析出目标分析物的纯信号，进而实现了染色辣椒中罗丹明6G和123的同时测定。本改进实验提高了学生全面考虑问题和创新解决问题的能力。

卤代芳烃是非常重要的合成砌块，广泛应用于农用化学品、材料和药物等的合成。芳烃的亲电取代卤化反应是制备芳基卤化物最简单的方法，但是富电子芳烃的卤化反应存在区域选择性差的挑战。本实验采用自组装协同催化策略，以环己基苯溴化反应为模型反应，高选择性合成溴代芳烃，进而应用于卤代芳烃的高选择性合成。在加深学生芳烃亲电取代卤化反应的同时，也向学生传授自组装、协同催化和路易斯酸碱催化等重要知识，加深学生对亲电取代反应机理和离子型中间体的了解。实验主要由卤代芳烃的合成、机理探究及实验普适性三部分组成，包含多种有机实验基本操作，涉及反应监测、分离纯化、产物表征等多个重要环节，实验整体时长7小时，安全性高，可操作性强，适合本科实验教学开设。本实验秉持科研反哺教学的理念，将新的科研成果转化为人才培养内容，有助于提高学生的科研创新与实践能力。

The highly selective catalytic hydrogenation of halogenated nitroaromatics was achieved by employing Pd-based catalysts that were co-modified with organic and inorganic ligands. It was demonstrated that the catalysts contained Pd species in mixed valence states, with high valence Pd at the metal-support interface and zero valence Pd at the metal surface. While the strong coordination of triphenylphosphine (PPh₃) to Pd⁰ on the Pd surface prevents the adsorption of halogenated nitroaromatics and thus dehalogenation, the coordination of sodium metavanadate (NaVO₃) to high-valence Pd sites at the interface helps to activate H₂ in a heterolytic pathway for the selective hydrogenation of nitro-groups. The excellent catalytic performance of the interfacial active sites enables the selective hydrogenation of a wide range of halogenated nitroaromatics.

本文研究课题“碘催化氯苯的氯代反应”来源于2021年全国统考高考化学试卷(浙江卷)的考题，其试题背后隐含了一系列化学基本概念和基本理论。前期文献对该题目进行了研究，所得结果与高考题目中的描述不一致。本文用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法重新对该反应进行了系统研究，确立了反应的催化活性组分及其形成机理，计算了氯苯氯代反应的分子机制、反应的热力学和动力学性质，比较了邻位、间位及对位取代的反应性能，分析了电子效应和空间效应对反应性能的影响。本文计算结果与高考题目中的描述一致，表明了该题目的严谨性和科学性。本文研究结果有助于学生加深对芳香化合物亲电取代反应的认识和理解。

在“硫代硫酸钠标准液的配制和标定”实验的操作过程中，大一新生因使用了未经稀释的硫代硫酸钠溶液意外在滴定环节产生大量淡黄色沉淀；学生们经过自主探究，重现了实验现象，调控体系pH ≈ 5时制备出较为稳定的硫胶体体系。通过课外文献调研、估算和分析，学生们推断沉淀成分并推测了硫单质的均相成核沉淀过程，提出可以使用硫胶体替代传统Fe(OH)₃胶体用于实验教学与课堂演示。

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe₃O₄ photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe₃O₄. The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range, promoting their photocatalytic properties. Under visible light irradiation, CdS/Fe₃O₄ (2:5) with a mass ratio of 2:5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation rate of 98.8% for rhodamine B. Furthermore, after five cycles of photocatalytic degradation reaction, the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%, indicating that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic stability.

A flower-like BiOBr photocatalyst (CS/BiOBr) was prepared by using the carbon material derived from corn straw (CS) as the carrier. The prepared composites were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X - ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The SEM analyses indicate that the introduction of CS promotes the formation of a unique flower-like structure in BiOBr, which not only optimizes the efficiency of light capture but also increases the specific surface area of BiOBr. The bandgap of the composite was narrower compared with the pure BiOBr. The CS/BiOBr composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure CS and BiOBr under visible light irradiation, and a higher first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 0.043 7 min^-1 than BiOBr (0.014 6 min^-1), and exhibited excellent stability and reusability during the cyclic run. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. Superoxide radicals and holes were the major active species.

Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composites were synthesized using the solvothermal method with ethylene glycol as the solvent. Bi₂O₃ was grown on the surface of BiVO₄ by regulating the reaction temperature. The adsorption performance of the composite for rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated. The results indicate that the reaction temperature significantly impacts the morphology and adsorption performance of Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄. The Bi₂O₃@BiVO₄ composite prepared at 180 ℃ (180-BO@BVO) consisted of nanoparticles with an average size of 7 nm, featuring a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies on the surface, but with a lower specific surface area (only 1.2 m²·g^-1). 180-BO@BVO, with oxygen species adsorbed at surface oxygen vacancies carrying a negative charge, achieved an impressive RhB removal efficiency of up to 83.0% through electrostatic interaction with RhB. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that it is predominantly governed by chemical adsorption. After five cycles of adsorption experiments, the removal efficiency of RhB by composites remained basically unchanged (more than 80%), demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.