Abstract: The convergence of chemistry and life sciences has become a pivotal driver for groundbreaking advancements in biomedicine, particularly in this era of interdisciplinary integration. This study presents an in-depth analysis of innovative models and practical pathways for cultivating interdisciplinary talents, with Nanjing University’s Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) and its interdisciplinary research platforms as exemplary cases. The paper meticulously examines the evolutionary trajectory of chemical biology, current research frontiers, and faculty development strategies, highlighting Nanjing University’s distinctive multidisciplinary approaches in areas such as tumor immunology, molecular diagnostics, and AI-driven drug discovery. Through comparative analysis of various educational models adopted by leading Chinese universities, including cross-disciplinary mentorship and laboratory rotation systems, this research demonstrates the remarkable achievements and global competitiveness of China’s interdisciplinary talent cultivation. The findings provide valuable insights for fostering versatile professionals with interdisciplinary competencies at research-intensive institutions worldwide.