N-((喹啉-8-基)亚甲基)水杨酰肼Sn(Ⅳ)/Ag(Ⅰ)配合物的合成、晶体结构和DNA相互作用
English
Sn(Ⅳ)/Ag(Ⅰ) Complexes of N-((Quinolin-8-yl)methylene)salicylhydrazide: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and DNA Interaction
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Key words:
- quinoline
- / complex
- / crystal structure
- / DNA interaction
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Schiff bases are an important class of ligands in coordination chemistry and have been found extensive application in many different fields[1-4]. The Schiff base derivatives of acylhydrazone have attracted more attention due to their variable bonding modes towards metal ions and wide range of biological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antitumor activities[5]. As one of the most important heterocycles, quinoline is frequently employed for the construction of transition metal complexes with significant pharmacological activities[6-7]. Our group has reported the structures of several Zn(Ⅱ)/Cd(Ⅱ) complexes with quinoline-containing acylhydrazone[8]. Never-theless, the investigation on Ag(Ⅰ) and Sn(Ⅳ) complexes with such type of ligands are relatively scarce. In fact, Ag(Ⅰ)-based complexes have been known for centuries, especially with respect to medical properties[9-10], and Sn(Ⅳ) compounds are widely used in catalysis, pesti-cides, polyvinyl chloride stabilizer, preservative, sterilization, anticancer drug and so on[11-13]. Herein, we report the crystal structures and DNA binding pro-perties of Sn(Ⅳ) and Ag(Ⅰ)complexes with N-((quinolin-8-yl)methylene)salicylhydrazide (HL, Scheme 1).
Scheme 1
1. Experimental
1.1 Materials and measurements
Solvents and starting materials for synthesis were purchased commercially and used as received. Elemental analysis was carried out on an Elemental Vario EL analyzer. The IR spectra (ν=4 000~400 cm-1) were determined by the KBr pressed disc method on a Bruker V70 FT-IR spectrophotometer. 1H NMR spectra of HL was acquired with Bruker AV400 NMR instrument in DMSO-d6 solution with TMS as internal standard. The UV spectra were recorded on a Purkinje General TU-1800 spectrophotometer. The interactions between three compounds and EB-DNA are measured using literature method[14] via emission spectra on a Varian CARY Eclipse spectrophotometer with the pass width of emission and excitation being 5 nm.
1.2 Preparations of the ligand HL, complexes 1 and 2
As shown in Scheme 1, the ligand HL was prepared by condensation of quinoline-8-carbaldehyde (1.57 g, 10 mmol) and 2-hydroxylbenzoyl hydrazine (1.52 g, 10 mmol) in methanol solution (100 mL) under refluxing for 1 h. The white solid was filtered and washed three times by methanol. Yield: 2.01 g (69%). Elemental analysis Calcd. for C17H13N3O2(%): C 70.09, H 4.50, N 14.42; Found(%): C 70.26, H 4.29, N 14.55. FT-IR (cm-1): ν(N-H) 3 259, ν(O=C) 1 651, ν(C=N) 1 604, ν(quinoline C=N) 1 575. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 12.13 (1H, s, NH-C=O), 12.01 (1H, s, OH), 9.73 (1H, s, CH=N), 8.96~8.98 (1H)/8.36~8.44 (2H)/7.94~8.09 (2H)/7.59~7.72 (2H)/7.40~7.42 (1H)/6.91~6.95 (2H) for Ar-H.
The complexes 1 and 2 were generated by reaction of the ligand HL (5 mmol) with equimolar of Ph2SnCl2 and AgNO3 in methanol solution (10 mL), respectively. Crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis were obtained by evaporating the corresponding reaction solutions at room temperature.
1: Yellow blocks. Anal. Calcd. for C29.25H23ClN3O2.25Sn(%): C 57.97, H 3.79, N 6.92; Found(%): C 57.76, H 3.82, N 6.75. FT-IR (cm-1): ν(N=C-O) 1 624, ν(C=N) 1 589, ν(C=N quinoline) 1 575.
2: Colorless blocks. Anal. Calcd. for C18H17N4O6Ag(%): C 43.83, H 3.47, N 11.36; Found(%): C 43.62, H 3.77, N 11.16. FT-IR (cm-1): ν(N-H) 3 446, ν(N=C-O) 1 615, ν(C=N) 1 586, ν(C=N quinoline) 1 528, ν(NO3) 1 478 and 1 302.
1.3 X-ray crystallography
The X-ray diffraction measurement for HL, complexes 1 and 2 were performed on a Bruker SMART APEX Ⅱ CCD diffractometer equipped with a graphite monochromatized Mo Kα radiation (λ=0.071 073 nm) by using φ-ω scan mode. Semi-empirical absorption correction was applied to the intensity data using the SADABS program[15]. The structures were solved by direct methods and refined by full matrix least-square on F2 using the SHELXTL-97 program[16]. All non-hydrogen atoms were refined anisotropically. All the other H atoms were positioned geometrically and refined using a riding model. Details of the crystal parameters, data collection and refinements for HL, complexes 1 and 2 are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1
HL 1 2 Empirical formula C17H13N3O2 C29.25H23CIN3O2.25Sn C18H17N4O6Ag Formula weight 291.30 606.65 493.22 T/ K 296 296 296 Crystal system Orthorhombic Monoclinic Orthorhombic Space group Pca21 P21/c Pna21 a / nm 1.312 5(2) 1.596 05(12) 2.100 2(13) b / nm 0.647 38(12) 1.205 79(8) 0.500 5(3) c / nm 1.661 4(3) 2.804 7(2) 1.793 4(12) V / nm3 1.411 6(4) 5.205 4(6) 1.855(2) Z 4 8 4 Dc / (Mg·m-3) 1.371 1.548 1.738 Unique reflection 2 189 9 172 3 070 Rint 0.051 0.036 0.071 GOF 1.021 1.067 1.016 Final R indices [I>2σ(I)] R1=0.043 8, wR2=0.088 7 R1=0.032 1, wR2=0.066 1 R1=0.049 2, wR2=0.095 5 R indices (all data) R1=0.071 6, wR2=0.102 4 R1=0.051 1, wR2=0.073 9 R1=0.116 6, wR2=0.115 7 2. Results and discussion
2.1 Crystal structures description
A diamond drawing of HL, complexes 1 and 2 are shown in Fig. 1a~c. Selected bond distances and angles are listed in Table 2. The bond length of carbonyl group in HL is 0.122 8(4) nm, which is similar as that in complex 2 (0.124 9(15) nm), while obviously shorter than that in complex 1 (0.128 1(4) and 0.128 9(4) nm). This fact shows that HL is anionic and neutral in complexes 1 and 2, respectively.
Figure 1
Table 2
HL C11-O1 0.122 8(4) C10-N2 0.128 6(5) C13-O2 0.136 4(5) 1 Sn1-O1 0.213 2(2) Sn1-C24 0.214 4(3) Sn1-C18 0.214 7(3) Sn1-N2 0.228 2(3) Sn1-N1 0.236 9(3) Sn1-Cl1 0.251 47(9) Sn2-O3 0.208 4(2) Sn2-C47 0.213 6(3) Sn2-C53 0.213 7(3) Sn2-N5 0.232 0(3) Sn2-Cl2 0.250 34(9) Sn2-N4 0.252 9(3) 01-Sn1-C24 89.461(10) 01-Sn1-C18 90.77(11) C24-Sn1-C18 178.89(13) 01-Sn1-N2 72.86(9) C24-Sn1-N2 93.34(11) C18-Sn1-N2 87.76(10) 01-Sn1-N1 151.62(9) C24-Sn1-N1 88.24(11) C18-Sn1-N1 92.12(12) N2-Sn1-N1 79.05(10) 01-Sn1-Cl1 104.76(7) C24-Sn1-Cl1 92.29(10) C18-Sn1-Cl1 86.60(8) N2-Sn1-Cl1 173.86(7) N1-Sn1-Cl1 103.59(7) 03-Sn2-C47 102.63(11) 03-Sn2-C53 98.77(11) C47-Sn2-C53 158.47(12) 03-Sn2-N5 72.34(9) C47-Sn2-N5 91.34(11) C53-Sn2-N5 92.94(11) 03-Sn2-Cl2 88.66(7) C47-Sn2-Cl2 90.53(9) C53-Sn2-Cl2 92.27(9) N5-Sn2-Cl2 160.86(7) 03-Sn2-N4 147.97(9) C47-Sn2-N4 78.55(10) C53-Sn2-N4 82.11(10) N5-Sn2-N4 75.64(9) Cl2-Sn2-N4 123.36(7) 2 Ag1-N2 0.233 0(9) Ag1-N1 0.238 0(10) Ag1-O1 0.243 5(9) Ag1-O3 0.237 4(12) Ag1-O4 0.266 3(11) N2-Agl-O4 142.9(4) 01-Agl-O4 108.6(4) 03-Agl-Nl 103.5(4) 03-Agl-O4 48.7(4) 03-Agl-O1 107.1(4) N2-Agl-O1 69.5(4) Nl-Agl-O4 98.6(4) N2-Agl-O3 168.2(4) N2-Agl-Nl 78.6(3) Nl-Agl-O1 147.9(4) As shown in Fig. 1a, the asymmetric unit of complex 1 contains two independent complexes molecules and a half of lattice water molecule. Each six-coordinated Sn(Ⅳ) ion is surrounded by two nitrogen atoms coming from quinoline and imine groups, one chloride ion, one oxygen atom coming from carbonyl group and two carbon atoms coming from two phenyl groups, exhibiting a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. There exist intramolecular O-H…N hydrogen bonds (O2-H2…N3, O4-H4…N6 and O5-H5A…Cl1, with D…A distance being 0.257 8, 0.259 1 and 0.341 0 nm, D-H…A angle being 145°, 144° and 147°, respectively) in the structure.
In complex 2, the Ag(Ⅰ) ion is surrounded by one tridentate hydrazone ligand with ON2 donor set and one bidentate nitrate anions, possessing a distorted square pyramid coordination geometry (τ=0.338). Furthermore, in the solid structure of 2, the complex molecules are linked by lattice methanol molecules into chains along c axis via various of intermolecular O-H…O hydrogen bonds(O2-H2A…O6, with D…A distance being 0.272 5(18) nm, D-H…A angle being 122.2°; O6-H6A…O4ⅰ, with D…A distance being 0.301 1(17) nm, D-H…A angle being 161.1°; O6-H6A…O5ⅰ, with D…A distance being 0.296 4(18) nm, D-H…A angle being 132.4°, Symmetry codes: ⅰ 1.5-x, 0.5+y, -0.5+z). The intramolecular O-H…O hydrogen bonds between amine N atoms and hydroxyl O atoms (N3-H3A…O2, with D…A distance being 0.259 8(15) nm, D-H…A angle being 130.7°) are also present.
2.2 IR spectra
The FT-IR spectral region for both complexes are more or less similar due to the similar coordination modes of the ligands. The ν(C=O) of the free ligand was 1 651 cm-1, and it disappeared in the spectra of comp-lexes. Meanwhile, new N=C-O stretching vibration absorption was observed at 1 624 and 1 615 cm-1 in complexes 1 and 2, respectively, revealing that the C=O in O=C-N moiety has enolizated and the oxygen atom coordinates to the metal ion in both complexes[8]. The ν(C=N) bands of the imine group, quinoline ring in the hydrazone ligand shifted to lower frequency values in the complexes, indicating that the N atoms of such two units take part in the coordination[17-18]. In addition, the general pattern of the IR spectroscopy for complex 2 supports the normal coordination of bidentate nitrate group[19]. It is in accordance with the crystal structure study.
2.3 UV spectra
The UV spectra of HL, complexes 1 and 2 were measured in CH3OH solution (c=20 μmol·L-1) at room temperature (Fig. 2). The spectra of HL featured two bands located at 229 nm (ε=50 168 L·mol-1·cm-1) and 336 nm (ε=34 974 L·mol-1·cm-1), which could be assigned to characteristic π-π* transition centered on quinolone ring and the imine moiety[20], respectively. Both bands exhibited significant hyperchromicity in the spectra of both complexes (ε=93 738 and 57 310 L·mol-1·cm-1 for complex 1; ε=81 974 and 53 125 L·mol-1·cm-1 for complex 2), indicating that the ligand HL takes part in the coordination[21].
Figure 2
2.4 EB-DNA binding study by fluorescence spectra
It is well known that EB can intercalate nonspecifically into DNA, which causes it to fluoresce strongly. Competitive binding of other drugs to DNA and EB will result in displacement of bound EB and a decrease in the fluorescence intensity[22-23]. The effects of the ligand and complexes on the fluorescence spectra of EB-DNA system are presented in Fig. 3. The fluorescence intensities of EB bound to ct-DNA at about 600 nm showed remarkable decreasing trends with the increasing concentration of the tested compounds, indicating that some EB molecules are released into solution after the exchange with the compounds. The quenching of EB bound to DNA by the compounds is in agreement with the linear Stern-Volmer equation: I0/I=1+Ksqr[22], where I0 and I represent the fluorescence intensities in the absence and presence of quencher, respectively; Ksq is the linear Stern-Volmer quenching constant; r is the ratio of the concentration of quencher and DNA. In the quenching plots of I0/I versus r, Ksq values are given by the slopes. The Ksq values were 0.632 1, 0.790 3 and 0.791 9 for the ligand HL, complexes 1 and 2, respectively. The results indicate that interactions of the complexes with DNA are stronger than that of the ligand HL, because the complexes have higher rigidity to bind the base pairs along DNA, thus increasing their binding abilities[14].
Figure 3
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Table 1. Selected crystallographic data for HL, complexes 1 and 2
HL 1 2 Empirical formula C17H13N3O2 C29.25H23CIN3O2.25Sn C18H17N4O6Ag Formula weight 291.30 606.65 493.22 T/ K 296 296 296 Crystal system Orthorhombic Monoclinic Orthorhombic Space group Pca21 P21/c Pna21 a / nm 1.312 5(2) 1.596 05(12) 2.100 2(13) b / nm 0.647 38(12) 1.205 79(8) 0.500 5(3) c / nm 1.661 4(3) 2.804 7(2) 1.793 4(12) V / nm3 1.411 6(4) 5.205 4(6) 1.855(2) Z 4 8 4 Dc / (Mg·m-3) 1.371 1.548 1.738 Unique reflection 2 189 9 172 3 070 Rint 0.051 0.036 0.071 GOF 1.021 1.067 1.016 Final R indices [I>2σ(I)] R1=0.043 8, wR2=0.088 7 R1=0.032 1, wR2=0.066 1 R1=0.049 2, wR2=0.095 5 R indices (all data) R1=0.071 6, wR2=0.102 4 R1=0.051 1, wR2=0.073 9 R1=0.116 6, wR2=0.115 7 Table 2. Selected bond lengths (nm) and angles (°) in HL, complexes 1 and 2
HL C11-O1 0.122 8(4) C10-N2 0.128 6(5) C13-O2 0.136 4(5) 1 Sn1-O1 0.213 2(2) Sn1-C24 0.214 4(3) Sn1-C18 0.214 7(3) Sn1-N2 0.228 2(3) Sn1-N1 0.236 9(3) Sn1-Cl1 0.251 47(9) Sn2-O3 0.208 4(2) Sn2-C47 0.213 6(3) Sn2-C53 0.213 7(3) Sn2-N5 0.232 0(3) Sn2-Cl2 0.250 34(9) Sn2-N4 0.252 9(3) 01-Sn1-C24 89.461(10) 01-Sn1-C18 90.77(11) C24-Sn1-C18 178.89(13) 01-Sn1-N2 72.86(9) C24-Sn1-N2 93.34(11) C18-Sn1-N2 87.76(10) 01-Sn1-N1 151.62(9) C24-Sn1-N1 88.24(11) C18-Sn1-N1 92.12(12) N2-Sn1-N1 79.05(10) 01-Sn1-Cl1 104.76(7) C24-Sn1-Cl1 92.29(10) C18-Sn1-Cl1 86.60(8) N2-Sn1-Cl1 173.86(7) N1-Sn1-Cl1 103.59(7) 03-Sn2-C47 102.63(11) 03-Sn2-C53 98.77(11) C47-Sn2-C53 158.47(12) 03-Sn2-N5 72.34(9) C47-Sn2-N5 91.34(11) C53-Sn2-N5 92.94(11) 03-Sn2-Cl2 88.66(7) C47-Sn2-Cl2 90.53(9) C53-Sn2-Cl2 92.27(9) N5-Sn2-Cl2 160.86(7) 03-Sn2-N4 147.97(9) C47-Sn2-N4 78.55(10) C53-Sn2-N4 82.11(10) N5-Sn2-N4 75.64(9) Cl2-Sn2-N4 123.36(7) 2 Ag1-N2 0.233 0(9) Ag1-N1 0.238 0(10) Ag1-O1 0.243 5(9) Ag1-O3 0.237 4(12) Ag1-O4 0.266 3(11) N2-Agl-O4 142.9(4) 01-Agl-O4 108.6(4) 03-Agl-Nl 103.5(4) 03-Agl-O4 48.7(4) 03-Agl-O1 107.1(4) N2-Agl-O1 69.5(4) Nl-Agl-O4 98.6(4) N2-Agl-O3 168.2(4) N2-Agl-Nl 78.6(3) Nl-Agl-O1 147.9(4) -
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