α-Cu<sub>2</sub>Se精细结构的球差校正扫描透射电镜表征

引用本文: 陈陆, 刘军, 王勇, 张泽. α-Cu₂Se精细结构的球差校正扫描透射电镜表征[J]. 物理化学学报, 2019, 35(2): 139-144. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201805111 shu

Citation: CHEN Lu, LIU Jun, WANG Yong, ZHANG Ze. Characterization of α-Cu₂Se Fine Structure by Spherical-Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2019, 35(2): 139-144. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201805111 shu

α-Cu₂Se精细结构的球差校正扫描透射电镜表征

陈陆 ,
刘军 ,
王勇 ^, ,
张泽 ^,

浙江大学材料科学与工程学院电子显微镜中心，硅材料国家重点实验室，杭州 310027

通讯作者: 王勇, yongwang@zju.edu.cn; 张泽, zezhang@zju.edu.cn

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金(51390474, 11327901)资助项目

摘要: 目前学界对Cu₂Se低温α相的结构仍未认识清楚，而解决这一问题对理解Cu₂Se在相变过程中热电性能提升等特性具有重要意义。本文首次报道了由球差校正扫描透射电镜(STEM)拍摄到的沿α-Cu₂Se $ {{\left[ \bar{1}\bar{1}2 \right]}_{\text{c}}}$带轴的原子级分辨率高角环形暗场(HAADF)像，揭示了由Se原子以多种形式有序起伏产生的复杂结构。结合电子衍射图谱，分析了包含不同层数、通过相互组合构成α-Cu₂Se晶体的多种结构变体。使用QSTEM软件对构建的结构变体进行高分辨图像模拟，得到了与实验对应的HAADF像。该工作为更全面地理解α-Cu₂Se的结构提供了新的重要信息。

关键词:

English

Characterization of α-Cu₂Se Fine Structure by Spherical-Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope

State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China

Corresponding author: Emails: yongwang@zju.edu.cn (Y.W.); Emails: zezhang@zju.edu.cn (Z.Z.)

Received Date: 09 April 2018
Accepted Date: 09 May 2018
Revised Date: 08 May 2018
Available Online: 15 January 2019
Fund Project:

The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51390474, 11327901)

Abstract: The structure of low-temperature α-Cu₂Se, which is of great importance for understanding the mechanism of the significant increase in thermoelectric performance during the α-β phase transition of Cu₂Se, has still not been fully solved. Because it is restricted by the quality of polycrystal and powder specimens and the accuracy of characterization methods such as the conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), direct observation with atomic-scale resolution to reveal the structural details has not been realized, although electron diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies have indicated the complexity of the α-Cu₂Se layered structure. Owing to developments in the focused ion beam (FIB) milling preparation method, high-quality single crystalline specimens with specific crystallographic orientations can be prepared to ensure that atomic-resolution images along a specific orientation can be acquired. Furthermore, the developments in aberration correction technology in TEM and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) allow us to observe the subtle details of structural variation and evolution. Herein, we report, for the first time, the atomic-resolution high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) images acquired along the $ {{\left[ \bar{1}\bar{1}2 \right]}_{\text{c}}}$ axis of α-Cu₂Se using spherical-aberration (C_s)-corrected STEM from FIB-prepared single crystalline specimens. The observations revealed that the complex structure is generated by ordered fluctuations of Se atoms with various forms, including that some of the Se atoms on the two sides of the Cu deficiency layer get closer to each other than the others and the neighboring Cu deficiency layers have different forms of ordered Se fluctuations. These characteristics can only be observed along the $ {{\left[ \bar{1}\bar{1}2 \right]}_{\text{c}}}$ axis, while these details were not visible in a previous study along the $ <\bar{1}10{{>}_{\text{c}}} $ axis or in our results obtained along the ${{\left[ \bar{1}01 \right]}_{\text{c}}} $ axis. By combining the electron diffraction patterns, several models of the unit cell variants were established, including the two-layer and four-layer cells (both have two different shapes) and the two-layer variants with and without central symmetry. These variants can also transform into each other, and an α-Cu₂Se crystal can be formed through the random assembly of these variants. Using the program QSTEM, the corresponding HAADF images of these variants were simulated. The simulation results were similar to the experimental HAADF images and reflected most of the observed details, including the different forms of the ordered fluctuations of Se atoms and the dispersion of Cu atoms, which indicates that our structure models of α-Cu₂Se are reasonable. This work provides new critical information for thoroughly understanding the structure of α-Cu₂Se and the α-β phase transition of Cu₂Se.

Key words:

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1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

α-Cu₂Se精细结构的球差校正扫描透射电镜表征

通讯作者: 王勇, yongwang@zju.edu.cn; 张泽, zezhang@zju.edu.cn

English

Characterization of α-Cu₂Se Fine Structure by Spherical-Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope

Corresponding author: Emails: yongwang@zju.edu.cn (Y.W.); Emails: zezhang@zju.edu.cn (Z.Z.)

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