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2025 Volume 40 Issue 11
2025, 40(11): 1-10
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412060
Abstract:
甲烷(CH4)，作为一种强效的温室气体，常被称为“隐形杀手”，其产生的温室效应是二氧化碳的二十多倍。本文将探讨甲烷的主要来源，包括自然来源和人为来源，以及甲烷加剧全球变暖效应。随着全球经济的不断发展和人口的增加，甲烷的排放量也在上升，导致气候变化问题愈发严峻。通过深入分析甲烷的影响及其化学转化与高值化利用，旨在提高公众对这一“隐形杀手”的认识，并推动有效的转化措施，以保护我们的地球环境。
甲烷(CH4)，作为一种强效的温室气体，常被称为“隐形杀手”，其产生的温室效应是二氧化碳的二十多倍。本文将探讨甲烷的主要来源，包括自然来源和人为来源，以及甲烷加剧全球变暖效应。随着全球经济的不断发展和人口的增加，甲烷的排放量也在上升，导致气候变化问题愈发严峻。通过深入分析甲烷的影响及其化学转化与高值化利用，旨在提高公众对这一“隐形杀手”的认识，并推动有效的转化措施，以保护我们的地球环境。
2025, 40(11): 11-17
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412051
Abstract:
With the increasing scale of professional degree graduate education and the growing demand for applied talents, cultivating high-quality applied and interdisciplinary professionals has become a significant challenge for university education. In light of the existing issues in the training of professional degree graduate students at local universities, this article takes the Materials and Chemical Engineering program at Henan University of Technology as a case study to explore the reforms and practices in the training model for professional degree graduate students in the new era. Specifically, the paper addresses the dual tutor system, course teaching, professional practice, quality evaluation, and scholarship system.
With the increasing scale of professional degree graduate education and the growing demand for applied talents, cultivating high-quality applied and interdisciplinary professionals has become a significant challenge for university education. In light of the existing issues in the training of professional degree graduate students at local universities, this article takes the Materials and Chemical Engineering program at Henan University of Technology as a case study to explore the reforms and practices in the training model for professional degree graduate students in the new era. Specifically, the paper addresses the dual tutor system, course teaching, professional practice, quality evaluation, and scholarship system.
2025, 40(11): 18-23
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412080
Abstract:
This paper provides an in-depth analysis of how the workshop mode plays a pivotal role in advancing cutting-edge knowledge, promoting academic diversity, integrating practical applications, and facilitating scholarly exchange. By addressing challenges such as outdated teaching content, insufficient systematic research training, and limited sharing of academic resources within graduate education, these programs contribute significantly to enhancing cross-institutional teaching quality. Ultimately, they open new avenues for cultivating high-level chemistry professionals with strong international competitiveness.
This paper provides an in-depth analysis of how the workshop mode plays a pivotal role in advancing cutting-edge knowledge, promoting academic diversity, integrating practical applications, and facilitating scholarly exchange. By addressing challenges such as outdated teaching content, insufficient systematic research training, and limited sharing of academic resources within graduate education, these programs contribute significantly to enhancing cross-institutional teaching quality. Ultimately, they open new avenues for cultivating high-level chemistry professionals with strong international competitiveness.
2025, 40(11): 24-30
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412143
Abstract:
In response to national policies promoting the integration of ideological and political education into curricula, this study explores an optimized teaching design for environmental science courses. Using the “weak acid dissociation equilibrium” chapter in the Inorganic Chemistry course for Environmental Science and Engineering majors as a case study, the research incorporates classic environmental issues such as acid rain and global challenges like ocean acidification into the teaching content. A problem-based case teaching approach was adopted to design a model that combines theoretical knowledge with practical applications. Through heuristic and inquiry-based learning, students were guided to gain a deep understanding of the scientific principles behind weak acid dissociation equilibrium and its relevance to environmental protection during classroom discussions and independent exploration. Teaching practice showed that this design significantly enhanced students' interest and participation in learning, while effectively promoting their sense of social responsibility, scientific thinking, and independent problem-solving skills. This study offers valuable insights for the deeper integration of ideological and political education with professional courses.
In response to national policies promoting the integration of ideological and political education into curricula, this study explores an optimized teaching design for environmental science courses. Using the “weak acid dissociation equilibrium” chapter in the Inorganic Chemistry course for Environmental Science and Engineering majors as a case study, the research incorporates classic environmental issues such as acid rain and global challenges like ocean acidification into the teaching content. A problem-based case teaching approach was adopted to design a model that combines theoretical knowledge with practical applications. Through heuristic and inquiry-based learning, students were guided to gain a deep understanding of the scientific principles behind weak acid dissociation equilibrium and its relevance to environmental protection during classroom discussions and independent exploration. Teaching practice showed that this design significantly enhanced students' interest and participation in learning, while effectively promoting their sense of social responsibility, scientific thinking, and independent problem-solving skills. This study offers valuable insights for the deeper integration of ideological and political education with professional courses.
2025, 40(11): 31-36
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412031
Abstract:
The “Salt-Water System Phase Diagrams” is a core concept in the curriculum for undergraduates majoring in chemical engineering and technology, particularly for those specializing in the salt production and salt chemical industries. In the context of “Emerging Engineering Education” and the “Dual Carbon” background, as well as in alignment with cutting-edge international research, the teaching team at Tianjin University of Science and Technology has introduced salt-water system phase diagrams modified by carbon dioxide (CO2). This innovation enhances the teaching effectiveness and promotes interdisciplinary integration. This paper focuses on case studies involving CO2-carbonized salt-water system phase diagrams to address challenges such as alkali recovery and the separation of sodium and potassium salts. These case studies guide students in solving practical engineering problems and achieving resource utilization of salt lakes through CO2 conversion. This approach significantly broadens students' knowledge in both salt-water system phase diagrams and green chemical engineering, while fostering their innovative thinking and problem-solving abilities in real-world contexts.
The “Salt-Water System Phase Diagrams” is a core concept in the curriculum for undergraduates majoring in chemical engineering and technology, particularly for those specializing in the salt production and salt chemical industries. In the context of “Emerging Engineering Education” and the “Dual Carbon” background, as well as in alignment with cutting-edge international research, the teaching team at Tianjin University of Science and Technology has introduced salt-water system phase diagrams modified by carbon dioxide (CO2). This innovation enhances the teaching effectiveness and promotes interdisciplinary integration. This paper focuses on case studies involving CO2-carbonized salt-water system phase diagrams to address challenges such as alkali recovery and the separation of sodium and potassium salts. These case studies guide students in solving practical engineering problems and achieving resource utilization of salt lakes through CO2 conversion. This approach significantly broadens students' knowledge in both salt-water system phase diagrams and green chemical engineering, while fostering their innovative thinking and problem-solving abilities in real-world contexts.
2025, 40(11): 37-41
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412116
Abstract:
The collaborative teaching team for university chemistry, in alignment with the strategy for maritime power development, has actively advanced the construction of foundational chemistry courses. The team has contributed to the compilation of a series of textbooks, the establishment of an informatized teaching platform, the cultivation of undergraduate students' innovative abilities, and the practice based on job requirements. These efforts have deepened the reform of chemistry curriculum instruction. By compiling textbooks with distinct naval characteristics and enriching teaching resources through informatization, the team has enhanced students' experimental and practical skills, thereby laying a solid foundation for the development of high-quality chemistry professionals.
The collaborative teaching team for university chemistry, in alignment with the strategy for maritime power development, has actively advanced the construction of foundational chemistry courses. The team has contributed to the compilation of a series of textbooks, the establishment of an informatized teaching platform, the cultivation of undergraduate students' innovative abilities, and the practice based on job requirements. These efforts have deepened the reform of chemistry curriculum instruction. By compiling textbooks with distinct naval characteristics and enriching teaching resources through informatization, the team has enhanced students' experimental and practical skills, thereby laying a solid foundation for the development of high-quality chemistry professionals.
2025, 40(11): 42-51
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412076
Abstract:
In the teaching of inorganic chemistry for energy chemical engineering, a new teaching model, the “Five Rings and One Heart,” has been developed in alignment with the educational philosophy of “student-centered learning” and outcome-based education (OBE). The curriculum reform is teacher-led and fully integrates the use of “Internet +” technology. It comprehensively covers the selection and development of course resources, the reform of teaching methods, and the deep integration of professional guidance with ideological and political education within the curriculum. This model encourages and motivates students to engage in active learning both online and offline, before, during, and after class, while simultaneously enhancing their overall competencies and literacy. The training goals of “imparting knowledge, cultivating skills, and promoting values” have been successfully achieved.
In the teaching of inorganic chemistry for energy chemical engineering, a new teaching model, the “Five Rings and One Heart,” has been developed in alignment with the educational philosophy of “student-centered learning” and outcome-based education (OBE). The curriculum reform is teacher-led and fully integrates the use of “Internet +” technology. It comprehensively covers the selection and development of course resources, the reform of teaching methods, and the deep integration of professional guidance with ideological and political education within the curriculum. This model encourages and motivates students to engage in active learning both online and offline, before, during, and after class, while simultaneously enhancing their overall competencies and literacy. The training goals of “imparting knowledge, cultivating skills, and promoting values” have been successfully achieved.
2025, 40(11): 52-58
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412105
Abstract:
Inorganic chemistry experiments are foundational courses for undergraduate students majoring in fields such as biology, chemistry, environmental science, food science, and materials science. These courses are essential for developing students' practical skills in chemical experimentation. This study begins with a comprehensive analysis of the current state of inorganic chemistry experimental courses at local universities, with a particular focus on Jishou University. The study then identifies the challenges and difficulties encountered in the experimental teaching process. Finally, a preliminary plan for reforming the teaching of inorganic chemistry experimental courses is proposed. The aim is to foster students' innovative abilities and overall competencies, ultimately contributing to the core goal of cultivating both moral and intellectual development.
Inorganic chemistry experiments are foundational courses for undergraduate students majoring in fields such as biology, chemistry, environmental science, food science, and materials science. These courses are essential for developing students' practical skills in chemical experimentation. This study begins with a comprehensive analysis of the current state of inorganic chemistry experimental courses at local universities, with a particular focus on Jishou University. The study then identifies the challenges and difficulties encountered in the experimental teaching process. Finally, a preliminary plan for reforming the teaching of inorganic chemistry experimental courses is proposed. The aim is to foster students' innovative abilities and overall competencies, ultimately contributing to the core goal of cultivating both moral and intellectual development.
2025, 40(11): 59-65
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412123
Abstract:
The Ministry of Education has explicitly outlined the implementation of the “MOOC Westward Journey Plan” and emphasized the importance of enhancing digital intelligence to better achieve personalized teaching. Guided by the Party’s strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era and the goal of cultivating regional talents in the western region, the core course teaching team for the Chemistry major at Xinjiang Normal University relies on the “Smart Tree” education platform. This platform, in conjunction with the East-West University Curriculum Sharing Alliance, leverages high-quality resources to promote course sharing through the use of knowledge graphs and artificial intelligence. Partnering with prestigious universities both within and outside Xinjiang, the team conducts synchronous classrooms and collaborates on the construction of knowledge graphs. This model enables multi-school resource sharing, multi-directional synchronous classroom sharing, and digital intelligence empowerment. We have developed a cooperative model for multi-school, multi-directional synchronous classrooms and a new teaching approach based on artificial intelligence-driven knowledge graphs.
The Ministry of Education has explicitly outlined the implementation of the “MOOC Westward Journey Plan” and emphasized the importance of enhancing digital intelligence to better achieve personalized teaching. Guided by the Party’s strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era and the goal of cultivating regional talents in the western region, the core course teaching team for the Chemistry major at Xinjiang Normal University relies on the “Smart Tree” education platform. This platform, in conjunction with the East-West University Curriculum Sharing Alliance, leverages high-quality resources to promote course sharing through the use of knowledge graphs and artificial intelligence. Partnering with prestigious universities both within and outside Xinjiang, the team conducts synchronous classrooms and collaborates on the construction of knowledge graphs. This model enables multi-school resource sharing, multi-directional synchronous classroom sharing, and digital intelligence empowerment. We have developed a cooperative model for multi-school, multi-directional synchronous classrooms and a new teaching approach based on artificial intelligence-driven knowledge graphs.
2025, 40(11): 66-75
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412097
Abstract:
Improving the innovation and entrepreneurship abilities of college students has become a central focus of higher education institutions in China and an important criterion for evaluating the quality of higher education teaching. Inorganic chemistry experiments, as a fundamental practical course in chemistry and related fields, not only play a critical role in verifying theoretical chemical knowledge and developing experimental skills, but also emphasize the cultivation of problem-solving abilities, particularly fostering innovative thinking and entrepreneurial skills. This article examines the existing challenges in teaching inorganic chemistry experiments and proposes several innovative reform measures aimed at enhancing students' innovation and entrepreneurship abilities. These include optimizing teaching design, innovating experimental content, improving resource infrastructure, integrating modern technology, and diversifying evaluation methods. Detailed recommendations are provided, demonstrating how the teaching effectiveness of inorganic chemistry experiments can be improved while simultaneously fostering experimental skills, innovation, and entrepreneurship.
Improving the innovation and entrepreneurship abilities of college students has become a central focus of higher education institutions in China and an important criterion for evaluating the quality of higher education teaching. Inorganic chemistry experiments, as a fundamental practical course in chemistry and related fields, not only play a critical role in verifying theoretical chemical knowledge and developing experimental skills, but also emphasize the cultivation of problem-solving abilities, particularly fostering innovative thinking and entrepreneurial skills. This article examines the existing challenges in teaching inorganic chemistry experiments and proposes several innovative reform measures aimed at enhancing students' innovation and entrepreneurship abilities. These include optimizing teaching design, innovating experimental content, improving resource infrastructure, integrating modern technology, and diversifying evaluation methods. Detailed recommendations are provided, demonstrating how the teaching effectiveness of inorganic chemistry experiments can be improved while simultaneously fostering experimental skills, innovation, and entrepreneurship.
2025, 40(11): 76-82
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502090
Abstract:
To address the challenges of large differences in student backgrounds, the rapid development of disciplines, scattered and diverse knowledge points, and the difficulty students face in mastering the knowledge, artificial intelligence techniques have been integrated into the Analytical Chemistry course. Building on this platform, we have explored precise teaching methods for students majoring in applied chemistry, focusing on data-driven, morality-oriented, and ability-oriented approaches. To cultivate top-notch innovative talents, the teaching mode, content, process, and assessment methods have all been reformed throughout the entire course.
To address the challenges of large differences in student backgrounds, the rapid development of disciplines, scattered and diverse knowledge points, and the difficulty students face in mastering the knowledge, artificial intelligence techniques have been integrated into the Analytical Chemistry course. Building on this platform, we have explored precise teaching methods for students majoring in applied chemistry, focusing on data-driven, morality-oriented, and ability-oriented approaches. To cultivate top-notch innovative talents, the teaching mode, content, process, and assessment methods have all been reformed throughout the entire course.
2025, 40(11): 83-91
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412067
Abstract:
The “Emerging engineering education” disciplines in chemical and materials fields at local applied universities play a crucial role in cultivating high-quality, application-oriented talents for regional economic and social development. This paper presents the exploration and implementation of the “One Body, Two Wings” innovative talent cultivation model at the School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Chaohu University. The study highlights the establishment of a mutually beneficial industry-education integration framework through four collaborative initiatives: joint development of dual-competency faculty teams, co-creation of talent cultivation programs, collaborative design of specialized courses, and joint establishment of practical platforms. Furthermore, it introduces the “122556” science-education integration mechanism, which encompasses one core concept, two research teams, two project-driven approaches, five scientific-educational transformations, five progressive stages, and six educational outcomes. The implementation pathways and significant achievements of this model provide valuable insights for developing talent cultivation approaches in chemical and materials disciplines at local applied universities within the “Emerging engineering education” framework.
The “Emerging engineering education” disciplines in chemical and materials fields at local applied universities play a crucial role in cultivating high-quality, application-oriented talents for regional economic and social development. This paper presents the exploration and implementation of the “One Body, Two Wings” innovative talent cultivation model at the School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Chaohu University. The study highlights the establishment of a mutually beneficial industry-education integration framework through four collaborative initiatives: joint development of dual-competency faculty teams, co-creation of talent cultivation programs, collaborative design of specialized courses, and joint establishment of practical platforms. Furthermore, it introduces the “122556” science-education integration mechanism, which encompasses one core concept, two research teams, two project-driven approaches, five scientific-educational transformations, five progressive stages, and six educational outcomes. The implementation pathways and significant achievements of this model provide valuable insights for developing talent cultivation approaches in chemical and materials disciplines at local applied universities within the “Emerging engineering education” framework.
2025, 40(11): 92-99
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412056
Abstract:
Addressing current challenges in physical chemistry instruction, this study proposes a goal-oriented, student-centered pedagogical reform strategy using the “Conductance of Electrolytic Solutions” topic in electrochemistry as a case study. The conventional “pre-class preparation, in-class lecture, and post-class assignment” framework has been expanded through the integration of ideological and political education principles, resulting in the development of a dual-line P-BOPPPS-E teaching model. A process-based assessment scheme was implemented to systematically evaluate teaching effectiveness through quantitative measures. This instructional system is designed to enhance student engagement while holistically developing students’ integrated competencies in knowledge acquisition, skill development, and quality cultivation, thereby providing both theoretical foundations and practical guidance for physical chemistry education reform.
Addressing current challenges in physical chemistry instruction, this study proposes a goal-oriented, student-centered pedagogical reform strategy using the “Conductance of Electrolytic Solutions” topic in electrochemistry as a case study. The conventional “pre-class preparation, in-class lecture, and post-class assignment” framework has been expanded through the integration of ideological and political education principles, resulting in the development of a dual-line P-BOPPPS-E teaching model. A process-based assessment scheme was implemented to systematically evaluate teaching effectiveness through quantitative measures. This instructional system is designed to enhance student engagement while holistically developing students’ integrated competencies in knowledge acquisition, skill development, and quality cultivation, thereby providing both theoretical foundations and practical guidance for physical chemistry education reform.
2025, 40(11): 100-107
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412133
Abstract:
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is extensively utilized across various domains including life science research, clinical medical testing, drug development, and forensic identification. Improving the instructional effectiveness of HPLC instrument operation is crucial for nurturing highly competent and skilled medical technology professionals. However, challenges such as a high student-to-instrument ratio, limited availability of equipment, and the inability to conduct repeated operations have adversely impacted learning outcomes. To address these issues, this study integrates a blended online and offline teaching approach into the HPLC experimental curriculum by leveraging platforms such as Chaoxing Learning and virtual simulation experiments. This method optimizes teaching content across pre-class, in-class, and post-class phases. By employing task-driven strategies, facilitating online self-learning, conducting offline group practical exercises, and encouraging post-class summaries and knowledge expansion, the approach aims to comprehensively enhance student engagement and initiative. Empirical results demonstrate that this teaching model significantly improves instructional effectiveness and is favorably received by students.
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is extensively utilized across various domains including life science research, clinical medical testing, drug development, and forensic identification. Improving the instructional effectiveness of HPLC instrument operation is crucial for nurturing highly competent and skilled medical technology professionals. However, challenges such as a high student-to-instrument ratio, limited availability of equipment, and the inability to conduct repeated operations have adversely impacted learning outcomes. To address these issues, this study integrates a blended online and offline teaching approach into the HPLC experimental curriculum by leveraging platforms such as Chaoxing Learning and virtual simulation experiments. This method optimizes teaching content across pre-class, in-class, and post-class phases. By employing task-driven strategies, facilitating online self-learning, conducting offline group practical exercises, and encouraging post-class summaries and knowledge expansion, the approach aims to comprehensively enhance student engagement and initiative. Empirical results demonstrate that this teaching model significantly improves instructional effectiveness and is favorably received by students.
2025, 40(11): 108-114
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412025
Abstract:
From the perspective of new medicine, which fundamentally aims to cultivate virtue and educate individuals, analytical chemistry education is conducted under the guiding principle of “medicine for the people, a healthy China”. Take the education topic of redox titration as an example, exploring the integration of ideology and politics in the three aspects of teaching before, during, and after class. In the course framework, the acquisition of professional knowledge forms the foundation, enhanced by practical case studies, and directed toward addressing the “bottleneck” challenges within the industry. Additionally, the guidance is layered to stimulate students’ determination to serve the country through science and technology, cultivate patriotism, environmental protection concepts, and achieve an all-round education.
From the perspective of new medicine, which fundamentally aims to cultivate virtue and educate individuals, analytical chemistry education is conducted under the guiding principle of “medicine for the people, a healthy China”. Take the education topic of redox titration as an example, exploring the integration of ideology and politics in the three aspects of teaching before, during, and after class. In the course framework, the acquisition of professional knowledge forms the foundation, enhanced by practical case studies, and directed toward addressing the “bottleneck” challenges within the industry. Additionally, the guidance is layered to stimulate students’ determination to serve the country through science and technology, cultivate patriotism, environmental protection concepts, and achieve an all-round education.
2025, 40(11): 115-126
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412108
Abstract:
In recent years, electric vehicle fire incidents have been increasingly reported, with many of these accidents being associated with lithium-ion battery separators. This study implemented “Unveiling the Lithium-ion Battery Separator” as a project-based teaching theme for the “Condensed State of Polymers” chapter in the “Polymer Structure and Properties” course. Through completing multiple project tasks, students gained comprehensive understanding of lithium-ion battery operation principles, separator functions and performance characteristics, separator types and manufacturing processes, as well as separator design and performance enhancement. The project facilitated students’ comprehension of various condensed states of polymers, including polymer crystallization formation and melting, polymer orientation, and the interrelationships among processing techniques, condensed states, and physical properties. This teaching approach effectively enhanced students’ teamwork and communication skills while cultivating rigorous scientific thinking, innovation awareness, and core subject competencies.
In recent years, electric vehicle fire incidents have been increasingly reported, with many of these accidents being associated with lithium-ion battery separators. This study implemented “Unveiling the Lithium-ion Battery Separator” as a project-based teaching theme for the “Condensed State of Polymers” chapter in the “Polymer Structure and Properties” course. Through completing multiple project tasks, students gained comprehensive understanding of lithium-ion battery operation principles, separator functions and performance characteristics, separator types and manufacturing processes, as well as separator design and performance enhancement. The project facilitated students’ comprehension of various condensed states of polymers, including polymer crystallization formation and melting, polymer orientation, and the interrelationships among processing techniques, condensed states, and physical properties. This teaching approach effectively enhanced students’ teamwork and communication skills while cultivating rigorous scientific thinking, innovation awareness, and core subject competencies.
2025, 40(11): 127-133
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412122
Abstract:
Organic chemistry, as a fundamental course essential to traditional Chinese medicine and related disciplines, significantly influences students’ professional competence and future career trajectories. Addressing challenges such as the varying chemical knowledge levels among students and the limited diversity in teaching methods and assessment formats in traditional Chinese medicine institutions, this study introduces an innovative approach based on the “Online and Offline + BOPPPS” teaching model. Through the reformation of teaching philosophies, content, methodologies, and designs, along with the implementation of a multifaceted evaluation system, this model seeks to enhance student engagement, foster independent learning, and cultivate innovative thinking.
Organic chemistry, as a fundamental course essential to traditional Chinese medicine and related disciplines, significantly influences students’ professional competence and future career trajectories. Addressing challenges such as the varying chemical knowledge levels among students and the limited diversity in teaching methods and assessment formats in traditional Chinese medicine institutions, this study introduces an innovative approach based on the “Online and Offline + BOPPPS” teaching model. Through the reformation of teaching philosophies, content, methodologies, and designs, along with the implementation of a multifaceted evaluation system, this model seeks to enhance student engagement, foster independent learning, and cultivate innovative thinking.
2025, 40(11): 134-140
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202501017
Abstract:
Within the overarching context of the “Coal-to-Liquids Project in Ningxia”, this study focuses on the establishment of reaction conditions (temperature and pressure) as the primary task for implementing large unit teaching in physical chemistry. By developing a thematic and structured knowledge framework, the research integrates essential concepts from thermodynamics and kinetics. Utilizing diverse teaching resources, including national-level MOOCs and scholarly articles in both Chinese and English, the study designs comprehensive classroom activities. Specific questions are formulated within the sub-contexts of the water-gas reaction and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to enhance students’ scientific thinking and problem-solving capabilities.
Within the overarching context of the “Coal-to-Liquids Project in Ningxia”, this study focuses on the establishment of reaction conditions (temperature and pressure) as the primary task for implementing large unit teaching in physical chemistry. By developing a thematic and structured knowledge framework, the research integrates essential concepts from thermodynamics and kinetics. Utilizing diverse teaching resources, including national-level MOOCs and scholarly articles in both Chinese and English, the study designs comprehensive classroom activities. Specific questions are formulated within the sub-contexts of the water-gas reaction and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to enhance students’ scientific thinking and problem-solving capabilities.
2025, 40(11): 141-149
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202504031
Abstract:
With the advancement of educational informatization, traditional chemistry teaching models are increasingly challenged by issues such as knowledge fragmentation, ambiguous learning pathways, and insufficient focus on student-centered learning. Addressing these challenges necessitates the application of knowledge graph technology to facilitate systematic knowledge integration, adaptive learning, and personalized teaching support. This study focuses on two key aspects: the development of a course knowledge graph for university chemistry and the implementation of curriculum reform. Leveraging the capabilities of the knowledge graph in data analysis, intelligent recommendation, and pathway planning, a five-stage progressive teaching model—“predict, test, learn, practice, guide”—has been established. This model enables personalized teaching through “pre-class profiling and precise strategy formulation, in-class focus on diverse teaching methods to enhance competencies, and post-class personalized practice evaluation and intelligent tutoring”. The findings offer novel insights and practical approaches for university chemistry curriculum reform, providing theoretical guidance for adaptive learning models for students and personalized teaching strategies for educators, thereby driving the evolution of courses towards greater intelligence and digitalization.
With the advancement of educational informatization, traditional chemistry teaching models are increasingly challenged by issues such as knowledge fragmentation, ambiguous learning pathways, and insufficient focus on student-centered learning. Addressing these challenges necessitates the application of knowledge graph technology to facilitate systematic knowledge integration, adaptive learning, and personalized teaching support. This study focuses on two key aspects: the development of a course knowledge graph for university chemistry and the implementation of curriculum reform. Leveraging the capabilities of the knowledge graph in data analysis, intelligent recommendation, and pathway planning, a five-stage progressive teaching model—“predict, test, learn, practice, guide”—has been established. This model enables personalized teaching through “pre-class profiling and precise strategy formulation, in-class focus on diverse teaching methods to enhance competencies, and post-class personalized practice evaluation and intelligent tutoring”. The findings offer novel insights and practical approaches for university chemistry curriculum reform, providing theoretical guidance for adaptive learning models for students and personalized teaching strategies for educators, thereby driving the evolution of courses towards greater intelligence and digitalization.
2025, 40(11): 150-159
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412113
Abstract:
This study explores the integration of ideological and political education within instrumental analysis laboratory courses, focusing on the cultivation of social responsibility and other ideological elements embedded in experimental teaching. Strategies and methods for the deep integration of disciplinary knowledge with ideological education are systematically examined. The research introduces an innovative experimental teaching model that combines “independent design” with “virtual-reality integration”, specifically applied in the comprehensive experiment of “determining metal element content in hometown drinking water sources using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES)”. In the “independent design” phase, ideological themes such as “enhancing social responsibility” are explicitly incorporated, while the “virtual-reality integration” phase implicitly introduces elements like “peer role models”. This approach achieves multi-dimensional integration of ideological education throughout the experimental process. Practical implementation demonstrates that the “independent design + virtual-reality integration” teaching model effectively combines experimental content, teaching methods, and ideological education elements across multiple dimensions. This integration not only enhances students’ enthusiasm for self-directed learning but also promotes the coordinated development of their comprehensive experimental skills and scientific literacy.
This study explores the integration of ideological and political education within instrumental analysis laboratory courses, focusing on the cultivation of social responsibility and other ideological elements embedded in experimental teaching. Strategies and methods for the deep integration of disciplinary knowledge with ideological education are systematically examined. The research introduces an innovative experimental teaching model that combines “independent design” with “virtual-reality integration”, specifically applied in the comprehensive experiment of “determining metal element content in hometown drinking water sources using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES)”. In the “independent design” phase, ideological themes such as “enhancing social responsibility” are explicitly incorporated, while the “virtual-reality integration” phase implicitly introduces elements like “peer role models”. This approach achieves multi-dimensional integration of ideological education throughout the experimental process. Practical implementation demonstrates that the “independent design + virtual-reality integration” teaching model effectively combines experimental content, teaching methods, and ideological education elements across multiple dimensions. This integration not only enhances students’ enthusiasm for self-directed learning but also promotes the coordinated development of their comprehensive experimental skills and scientific literacy.
2025, 40(11): 160-166
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412091
Abstract:
Polymer chemistry is a core professional course in chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science, as well as a key component of English-taught programs in universities pursuing internationalization. In the context of integrating ideological and political education into curricula, this paper addresses the lack of such elements in English-taught polymer chemistry courses for undergraduate students in China. It proposes three practical approaches for embedding ideological and political education into the course framework, aiming to cultivate well-rounded talents with a sense of patriotism, a global outlook, professional expertise, and innovative capabilities.
Polymer chemistry is a core professional course in chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science, as well as a key component of English-taught programs in universities pursuing internationalization. In the context of integrating ideological and political education into curricula, this paper addresses the lack of such elements in English-taught polymer chemistry courses for undergraduate students in China. It proposes three practical approaches for embedding ideological and political education into the course framework, aiming to cultivate well-rounded talents with a sense of patriotism, a global outlook, professional expertise, and innovative capabilities.
2025, 40(11): 167-174
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412005
Abstract:
Drawing on over two decades of practical experience within the Chinese Academy of Sciences and higher education institutions, the authors have gained a profound understanding of the evolution and distinctions in postgraduate education and training. This article provides a comparative analysis of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and higher education institutions in terms of degree program establishment, postgraduate training, enrollment reforms, and curriculum development. It further discusses the differences in educational objectives, research orientations, and training methods established by these two systems.
Drawing on over two decades of practical experience within the Chinese Academy of Sciences and higher education institutions, the authors have gained a profound understanding of the evolution and distinctions in postgraduate education and training. This article provides a comparative analysis of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and higher education institutions in terms of degree program establishment, postgraduate training, enrollment reforms, and curriculum development. It further discusses the differences in educational objectives, research orientations, and training methods established by these two systems.
2025, 40(11): 175-183
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202505050
Abstract:
Computational Materials Science is a compulsory course for majors such as Materials Science and Engineering. Considering the characteristics and current teaching landscape of this course and leveraging the research focus of our group on nonlinear optics, this paper takes the “intrinsic properties of materials - band structure” as an example to illustrate the application of the research case-based teaching methodology in the Computational Materials Science curriculum. This approach aims to stimulate students’ learning interest, cultivate their autonomous learning abilities, enhance teaching effectiveness, and lay a solid foundation for students to master professional skills and improve practical capabilities.
Computational Materials Science is a compulsory course for majors such as Materials Science and Engineering. Considering the characteristics and current teaching landscape of this course and leveraging the research focus of our group on nonlinear optics, this paper takes the “intrinsic properties of materials - band structure” as an example to illustrate the application of the research case-based teaching methodology in the Computational Materials Science curriculum. This approach aims to stimulate students’ learning interest, cultivate their autonomous learning abilities, enhance teaching effectiveness, and lay a solid foundation for students to master professional skills and improve practical capabilities.
2025, 40(11): 184-190
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412054
Abstract:
This review provides a comprehensive examination of the Petasis-boronic acid-Mannich reaction, systematically elucidating its origin, reaction mechanism, research progress, and applications in organic synthesis. As a significant advancement in organoboron chemistry, this reaction represents an innovative extension of the traditional Mannich reaction and contributes to the enrichment of university-level organic chemistry curricula. By introducing the Petasis-boronic acid-Mannich reaction, this work aims to enhance students’ understanding of advanced organic reactions while fostering their interest and enthusiasm for exploring the field of organoboron chemistry, building upon their foundational knowledge of the classical Mannich reaction.
This review provides a comprehensive examination of the Petasis-boronic acid-Mannich reaction, systematically elucidating its origin, reaction mechanism, research progress, and applications in organic synthesis. As a significant advancement in organoboron chemistry, this reaction represents an innovative extension of the traditional Mannich reaction and contributes to the enrichment of university-level organic chemistry curricula. By introducing the Petasis-boronic acid-Mannich reaction, this work aims to enhance students’ understanding of advanced organic reactions while fostering their interest and enthusiasm for exploring the field of organoboron chemistry, building upon their foundational knowledge of the classical Mannich reaction.
2025, 40(11): 191-198
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412136
Abstract:
The concept of covalent bonds was initially introduced by the American chemist Lewis, with the σ bond being one of its fundamental types. A classical σ bond is formed through the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms. A distinctive variant, the one-electron σ bond, involves two atoms sharing a single electron, a possibility first theorized by the American chemist Pauling in 1931. Due to its inherent instability, the synthesis of organic compounds featuring such bonds remained elusive for many years. This review highlights the advancements in the study of the formation and characteristics of one-electron σ bonds in various organic compounds, including organometallic compounds, over the past two decades. Key focus areas include phosphorus-phosphorus, boron-boron, and carbon-carbon one-electron σ bonds, as well as polar one-electron σ bonds between boron/aluminum/gallium and copper atoms.
The concept of covalent bonds was initially introduced by the American chemist Lewis, with the σ bond being one of its fundamental types. A classical σ bond is formed through the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms. A distinctive variant, the one-electron σ bond, involves two atoms sharing a single electron, a possibility first theorized by the American chemist Pauling in 1931. Due to its inherent instability, the synthesis of organic compounds featuring such bonds remained elusive for many years. This review highlights the advancements in the study of the formation and characteristics of one-electron σ bonds in various organic compounds, including organometallic compounds, over the past two decades. Key focus areas include phosphorus-phosphorus, boron-boron, and carbon-carbon one-electron σ bonds, as well as polar one-electron σ bonds between boron/aluminum/gallium and copper atoms.
2025, 40(11): 199-209
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412064
Abstract:
β-Hydroxy sulfone is a prevalent structural motif in many biologically active molecules, and provide useful building blocks in organic synthesis. Recent years have witnessed growing interest among chemists in the direct construction of β-hydroxy sulfones through olefin difunctionalization. This paper first introduces some representative compounds containing β-hydroxy sulfone moiety, then reviews the progress for the construction of β-hydroxy sulfones via direct difunctionalization of olefins. At the end, future development prospects in this field are proposed.
β-Hydroxy sulfone is a prevalent structural motif in many biologically active molecules, and provide useful building blocks in organic synthesis. Recent years have witnessed growing interest among chemists in the direct construction of β-hydroxy sulfones through olefin difunctionalization. This paper first introduces some representative compounds containing β-hydroxy sulfone moiety, then reviews the progress for the construction of β-hydroxy sulfones via direct difunctionalization of olefins. At the end, future development prospects in this field are proposed.
2025, 40(11): 210-215
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412032
Abstract:
This article introduces a product launch event focused on promoting environmental sustainability, showcasing four eco-friendly products derived from Sapindus: natural Sapindus hand soap, natural Sapindus shampoo, Sapindus saponin insecticide, and Sapindus biodiesel. These products harness the natural properties of Sapindus and play a crucial role in reducing chemical pollution and protecting the environment. The article highlights how each product reflects the environmental value of Sapindus and outlines the event’s objectives: to raise public awareness of environmental protection, promote sustainable development, and advocate for a “carefree and sustainable” lifestyle. Through these innovative products, the event aims to demonstrate the significance of Sapindus in modern life and inspire collective action toward environmental conservation.
This article introduces a product launch event focused on promoting environmental sustainability, showcasing four eco-friendly products derived from Sapindus: natural Sapindus hand soap, natural Sapindus shampoo, Sapindus saponin insecticide, and Sapindus biodiesel. These products harness the natural properties of Sapindus and play a crucial role in reducing chemical pollution and protecting the environment. The article highlights how each product reflects the environmental value of Sapindus and outlines the event’s objectives: to raise public awareness of environmental protection, promote sustainable development, and advocate for a “carefree and sustainable” lifestyle. Through these innovative products, the event aims to demonstrate the significance of Sapindus in modern life and inspire collective action toward environmental conservation.
2025, 40(11): 216-220
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412048
Abstract:
L-Carnitine, the “energy messenger” of the cellular city, plays a crucial role in transporting long-chain fatty acids to the mitochondria for β-oxidation and energy release. This article employs an anthropomorphic approach to describe its biosynthesis, tissue distribution, transport mechanism, and pivotal role in fatty acid metabolism. It emphasizes the significance of L-carnitine in promoting weight loss and improving health, aiming to popularize scientific knowledge about L-carnitine and enhance public awareness of its importance.
L-Carnitine, the “energy messenger” of the cellular city, plays a crucial role in transporting long-chain fatty acids to the mitochondria for β-oxidation and energy release. This article employs an anthropomorphic approach to describe its biosynthesis, tissue distribution, transport mechanism, and pivotal role in fatty acid metabolism. It emphasizes the significance of L-carnitine in promoting weight loss and improving health, aiming to popularize scientific knowledge about L-carnitine and enhance public awareness of its importance.
2025, 40(11): 221-232
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412046
Abstract:
To enhance students’ understanding of the “dual carbon” strategy, this experimental teaching design focuses on reprocessable rubber materials. First, a novel crosslinking agent (B-KH580) was synthesized through the reaction between 1,4-phenyldiboronic acid and (3-mercaptopropyl)triethoxysilane. Subsequently, B-KH580 was blended with styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), followed by hot-pressing at 160 °C to obtain boronate ester-crosslinked SBR. The incorporation of abundant reversible dynamic covalent boron-oxygen bonds (―B―O―) enables the rubber material to exhibit excellent reprocessability. After reprocessing, the material maintains over 95% of its original tensile strength, over 84% of its elongation at break, and over 87% of its Young’s modulus. This experimental approach not only introduces cutting-edge research into laboratory teaching but also provides students with a tangible demonstration of the “dual carbon” strategy.
To enhance students’ understanding of the “dual carbon” strategy, this experimental teaching design focuses on reprocessable rubber materials. First, a novel crosslinking agent (B-KH580) was synthesized through the reaction between 1,4-phenyldiboronic acid and (3-mercaptopropyl)triethoxysilane. Subsequently, B-KH580 was blended with styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), followed by hot-pressing at 160 °C to obtain boronate ester-crosslinked SBR. The incorporation of abundant reversible dynamic covalent boron-oxygen bonds (―B―O―) enables the rubber material to exhibit excellent reprocessability. After reprocessing, the material maintains over 95% of its original tensile strength, over 84% of its elongation at break, and over 87% of its Young’s modulus. This experimental approach not only introduces cutting-edge research into laboratory teaching but also provides students with a tangible demonstration of the “dual carbon” strategy.
2025, 40(11): 233-240
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412118
Abstract:
The extraction of capsanthin from red chili peppers constitutes a comprehensive experiment in natural product chemistry education. This experimental protocol encompasses the extraction, separation, and purification of capsanthin, involving multiple experimental variables, utilization of sophisticated instrumentation, and constraints on instructional time. The strategic incorporation of digital teaching methodologies facilitates both process optimization and enhanced comprehension of theoretical principles and experimental procedures. The digital framework comprises two principal components: (1) offline “segmented” data acquisition coupled with mathematical modeling for numerical simulation of extraction parameters, including temperature, solvent composition, developing/eluting agent ratios, and silica gel column height, enabling students to analyze predicted outcomes and refine experimental conditions; (2) virtual simulation technology for dynamic visualization of experimental results, assisting students in apparatus assembly (e.g., reflux systems) and instrument operation (e.g., liquid chromatography). The assessment system automatically evaluates performance based on experimental outcomes and operational repetitions. This digital approach actively engages students, ensures preservation of bioactive components, fosters awareness of plant utilization and conservation, and promotes environmental stewardship.
The extraction of capsanthin from red chili peppers constitutes a comprehensive experiment in natural product chemistry education. This experimental protocol encompasses the extraction, separation, and purification of capsanthin, involving multiple experimental variables, utilization of sophisticated instrumentation, and constraints on instructional time. The strategic incorporation of digital teaching methodologies facilitates both process optimization and enhanced comprehension of theoretical principles and experimental procedures. The digital framework comprises two principal components: (1) offline “segmented” data acquisition coupled with mathematical modeling for numerical simulation of extraction parameters, including temperature, solvent composition, developing/eluting agent ratios, and silica gel column height, enabling students to analyze predicted outcomes and refine experimental conditions; (2) virtual simulation technology for dynamic visualization of experimental results, assisting students in apparatus assembly (e.g., reflux systems) and instrument operation (e.g., liquid chromatography). The assessment system automatically evaluates performance based on experimental outcomes and operational repetitions. This digital approach actively engages students, ensures preservation of bioactive components, fosters awareness of plant utilization and conservation, and promotes environmental stewardship.
2025, 40(11): 241-248
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412073
Abstract:
Under the framework of major category enrollment, basic chemistry laboratories are typically responsible for delivering fundamental chemistry experiment instruction university-wide. Given the diverse student body and the extensive array of experimental projects, implementation scientific and efficient management practices is paramount to enhancing the quality of experimental education. The Public Chemistry Experimental Platform of Sun Yat-Sen University has systematically integrated refined management principles into every stage of each experimental project's execution. Centering on both faculty and students, with teaching quality as the cornerstone, the platform has implemented multiple strategies to improve laboratory safety management, standardize preparatory procedures, and strengthen the oversight of the teaching process. These continuous improvements have effectively elevated teaching quality, increased laboratory efficiency, and optimized the utilization of experimental teaching funds. The practical experiences and methodologies presented in this study offer valuable insights and universal applicability for other basic chemistry laboratories.
Under the framework of major category enrollment, basic chemistry laboratories are typically responsible for delivering fundamental chemistry experiment instruction university-wide. Given the diverse student body and the extensive array of experimental projects, implementation scientific and efficient management practices is paramount to enhancing the quality of experimental education. The Public Chemistry Experimental Platform of Sun Yat-Sen University has systematically integrated refined management principles into every stage of each experimental project's execution. Centering on both faculty and students, with teaching quality as the cornerstone, the platform has implemented multiple strategies to improve laboratory safety management, standardize preparatory procedures, and strengthen the oversight of the teaching process. These continuous improvements have effectively elevated teaching quality, increased laboratory efficiency, and optimized the utilization of experimental teaching funds. The practical experiences and methodologies presented in this study offer valuable insights and universal applicability for other basic chemistry laboratories.
2025, 40(11): 249-253
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412004
Abstract:
The Chemical Engineering Basic Experiment Teaching Team at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) has long adhered to the university’s philosophy of integrating science and education. They have actively translated the scientific research achievements of the Functional Membrane Laboratory into teaching content and made significant strides in advancing the frontier of chemistry and chemical engineering experiments. Additionally, they have collaborated with enterprises to design and develop a series of membrane separation teaching instruments for undergraduate education.
The Chemical Engineering Basic Experiment Teaching Team at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) has long adhered to the university’s philosophy of integrating science and education. They have actively translated the scientific research achievements of the Functional Membrane Laboratory into teaching content and made significant strides in advancing the frontier of chemistry and chemical engineering experiments. Additionally, they have collaborated with enterprises to design and develop a series of membrane separation teaching instruments for undergraduate education.
2025, 40(11): 254-262
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412121
Abstract:
In chemical experiments, the calibration procedure for wet gas flowmeters is relatively straightforward, typically employing the average calibration coefficient method. However, this approach exhibits significant measurement errors when dealing with small gas volumes. This study presents an enhanced calibration technique—the segmented approximation correction method—and derives corresponding correction equations for different segments of the wet gas flowmeter. Experimental verification demonstrates that the proposed method achieves substantially improved measurement accuracy.
In chemical experiments, the calibration procedure for wet gas flowmeters is relatively straightforward, typically employing the average calibration coefficient method. However, this approach exhibits significant measurement errors when dealing with small gas volumes. This study presents an enhanced calibration technique—the segmented approximation correction method—and derives corresponding correction equations for different segments of the wet gas flowmeter. Experimental verification demonstrates that the proposed method achieves substantially improved measurement accuracy.
2025, 40(11): 263-271
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202504055
Abstract:
The electromotive force method for determining the mean activity coefficient of electrolyte solutions represents a fundamental experiment in physical chemistry. However, the conventional experimental procedure necessitates continuous hydrogen gas bubbling into the solution to establish a hydrogen electrode, thereby introducing potential safety hazards associated with hydrogen leakage and explosion risks. To mitigate these concerns, this study proposes an innovative modification: the implementation of electrolysis for hydrogen electrode preparation, thereby eliminating the need for continuous hydrogen gas introduction. This improved methodology obviates the requirement for hydrogen cylinders or generators during measurements, effectively eliminating the risks of hydrogen leakage and explosion while ensuring experimental safety. Furthermore, this redesigned experimental approach not only enhances students’ comprehension of theoretical concepts in physical chemistry but also equips them with practical skills in hydrogen electrode preparation through electrolysis.
The electromotive force method for determining the mean activity coefficient of electrolyte solutions represents a fundamental experiment in physical chemistry. However, the conventional experimental procedure necessitates continuous hydrogen gas bubbling into the solution to establish a hydrogen electrode, thereby introducing potential safety hazards associated with hydrogen leakage and explosion risks. To mitigate these concerns, this study proposes an innovative modification: the implementation of electrolysis for hydrogen electrode preparation, thereby eliminating the need for continuous hydrogen gas introduction. This improved methodology obviates the requirement for hydrogen cylinders or generators during measurements, effectively eliminating the risks of hydrogen leakage and explosion while ensuring experimental safety. Furthermore, this redesigned experimental approach not only enhances students’ comprehension of theoretical concepts in physical chemistry but also equips them with practical skills in hydrogen electrode preparation through electrolysis.
2025, 40(11): 272-280
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412052
Abstract:
Electronic skin has emerged as a crucial component in health monitoring, prosthetic interfaces, and robotic intelligence applications. Graphene synthesized through chemical vapor deposition exhibits exceptional optoelectronic properties and biocompatibility, rendering it an ideal material for electronic skin fabrication. This study integrates the preparation, characterization, and application of graphene-based electronic skin into experimental courses, encompassing material synthesis, characterization techniques, electromyographic signal acquisition, and prosthetic interface development. The comprehensive curriculum is designed to enhance students’ research capabilities. Additionally, the course incorporates ideological and political education elements, aiming to cultivate scientific talents with strong moral character and social responsibility.
Electronic skin has emerged as a crucial component in health monitoring, prosthetic interfaces, and robotic intelligence applications. Graphene synthesized through chemical vapor deposition exhibits exceptional optoelectronic properties and biocompatibility, rendering it an ideal material for electronic skin fabrication. This study integrates the preparation, characterization, and application of graphene-based electronic skin into experimental courses, encompassing material synthesis, characterization techniques, electromyographic signal acquisition, and prosthetic interface development. The comprehensive curriculum is designed to enhance students’ research capabilities. Additionally, the course incorporates ideological and political education elements, aiming to cultivate scientific talents with strong moral character and social responsibility.
2025, 40(11): 281-288
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412047
Abstract:
Despite the rapid advancement of microelectrode technology and its incorporation into theoretical chemistry textbooks, there remains a significant gap in experimental teaching materials. To bridge this gap and foster a more effective integration between experimental pedagogy and cutting-edge electrochemical research, we have developed an innovative microelectrode teaching experiment. This experiment begins with a straightforward carbon fiber microelectrode fabrication process and employs a comparative learning approach to integrate multidimensional knowledge ranging from electrode processes to performance analysis. Furthermore, we have introduced a trial-and-error teaching methodology to enhance students’ independent exploratory skills, thereby contributing to the cultivation of exceptional talents.
Despite the rapid advancement of microelectrode technology and its incorporation into theoretical chemistry textbooks, there remains a significant gap in experimental teaching materials. To bridge this gap and foster a more effective integration between experimental pedagogy and cutting-edge electrochemical research, we have developed an innovative microelectrode teaching experiment. This experiment begins with a straightforward carbon fiber microelectrode fabrication process and employs a comparative learning approach to integrate multidimensional knowledge ranging from electrode processes to performance analysis. Furthermore, we have introduced a trial-and-error teaching methodology to enhance students’ independent exploratory skills, thereby contributing to the cultivation of exceptional talents.
2025, 40(11): 289-299
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412062
Abstract:
Ultra-long organic room temperature phosphorescent (UORTP) materials exhibit significant potential in bioimaging, advanced encryption and anti-counterfeiting, and high-sensitivity sensors, owing to their low cost, low toxicity, stimulus responsiveness, and tunable optical properties. In this study, a donor-acceptor (D-A) type molecule, CNBrBCz, was synthesized from 7H-Benzo[c]carbazole (BCz) and 3-bromo-5-fluorobenzonitrile through a typical aromatic substitution reaction. The chemical structure of CNBrBCz was characterized using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Subsequently, BCz and CNBrBCz were separately doped into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) films, and the phosphorescence properties of these doped films were investigated. Organic phosphorescence materials represent a crucial area of research in functional materials chemistry. By integrating advanced scientific research methods and property characterization into fundamental chemistry experiments, this study not only enriches the teaching content of chemical experiments but also enhances students’ proficiency in basic experimental operations and the use of precision instruments. Furthermore, it cultivates students’ scientific literacy and innovation capabilities, while allowing them to observe fascinating luminescence phenomena and appreciate the beauty of chemistry.
Ultra-long organic room temperature phosphorescent (UORTP) materials exhibit significant potential in bioimaging, advanced encryption and anti-counterfeiting, and high-sensitivity sensors, owing to their low cost, low toxicity, stimulus responsiveness, and tunable optical properties. In this study, a donor-acceptor (D-A) type molecule, CNBrBCz, was synthesized from 7H-Benzo[c]carbazole (BCz) and 3-bromo-5-fluorobenzonitrile through a typical aromatic substitution reaction. The chemical structure of CNBrBCz was characterized using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Subsequently, BCz and CNBrBCz were separately doped into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) films, and the phosphorescence properties of these doped films were investigated. Organic phosphorescence materials represent a crucial area of research in functional materials chemistry. By integrating advanced scientific research methods and property characterization into fundamental chemistry experiments, this study not only enriches the teaching content of chemical experiments but also enhances students’ proficiency in basic experimental operations and the use of precision instruments. Furthermore, it cultivates students’ scientific literacy and innovation capabilities, while allowing them to observe fascinating luminescence phenomena and appreciate the beauty of chemistry.
2025, 40(11): 300-309
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412075
Abstract:
This study focuses on the refinement and expansion of the rosacetal synthesis experiment. By employing a problem-oriented inquiry learning model, we integrated the fundamental research process of organic synthesis methodology with experimental operation training into the issue design. The course aims to guide students in understanding the impact of surfactant catalysis and ultrasound-assisted synthesis on traditional organic synthesis reactions. Additionally, it seeks to comprehensively train students in various experimental operation skills and structural characterization methods, thereby enhancing their scientific research proficiency and comprehensive practical abilities. The recommended course duration is 7-8 hours.
This study focuses on the refinement and expansion of the rosacetal synthesis experiment. By employing a problem-oriented inquiry learning model, we integrated the fundamental research process of organic synthesis methodology with experimental operation training into the issue design. The course aims to guide students in understanding the impact of surfactant catalysis and ultrasound-assisted synthesis on traditional organic synthesis reactions. Additionally, it seeks to comprehensively train students in various experimental operation skills and structural characterization methods, thereby enhancing their scientific research proficiency and comprehensive practical abilities. The recommended course duration is 7-8 hours.
2025, 40(11): 310-317
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202503078
Abstract:
Compared with the experiments in existing textbooks, digital experiments are characterized by a high degree of comprehensiveness, innovativeness, and intuitiveness. This paper incorporates digital sensing technology into the basic operations of organic chemistry experiments. By means of temperature sensors and pressure sensors, explorations on the improvement and innovation of atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, and fractional distillation experiments are carried out. The research findings indicate that by optimizing the experimental setup with temperature sensors and pressure sensors, it is feasible to monitor in real - time the variations in temperature and pressure during fundamental operation processes such as atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, and fractional distillation. Moreover, the time - temperature curves and time - pressure curves can be automatically collected and recorded. This integration initiative has realized the digital transformation of organic chemistry experiments, enhanced the depth and breadth of students’ learning, and is worthy of being promoted and implemented in undergraduate organic chemistry experimental teaching.
Compared with the experiments in existing textbooks, digital experiments are characterized by a high degree of comprehensiveness, innovativeness, and intuitiveness. This paper incorporates digital sensing technology into the basic operations of organic chemistry experiments. By means of temperature sensors and pressure sensors, explorations on the improvement and innovation of atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, and fractional distillation experiments are carried out. The research findings indicate that by optimizing the experimental setup with temperature sensors and pressure sensors, it is feasible to monitor in real - time the variations in temperature and pressure during fundamental operation processes such as atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, and fractional distillation. Moreover, the time - temperature curves and time - pressure curves can be automatically collected and recorded. This integration initiative has realized the digital transformation of organic chemistry experiments, enhanced the depth and breadth of students’ learning, and is worthy of being promoted and implemented in undergraduate organic chemistry experimental teaching.
2025, 40(11): 318-326
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502077
Abstract:
This study combines liquor component analysis with university-level chemistry instrumental analysis education. An exploratory experiment was designed incorporating gas chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Through literature review, experimental design, and investigative research, students conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of alcohol content and flavor compounds in 25 commercially available Chinese liquor samples. This approach facilitates active student engagement in instrumental analysis courses, improves teaching effectiveness, and develops students’ comprehensive thinking skills and independent innovation capabilities.
This study combines liquor component analysis with university-level chemistry instrumental analysis education. An exploratory experiment was designed incorporating gas chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Through literature review, experimental design, and investigative research, students conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of alcohol content and flavor compounds in 25 commercially available Chinese liquor samples. This approach facilitates active student engagement in instrumental analysis courses, improves teaching effectiveness, and develops students’ comprehensive thinking skills and independent innovation capabilities.
2025, 40(11): 327-336
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202505106
Abstract:
The comprehensive chemistry experiment titled “Selective Oxidation of Methane over Supported Nickel-Based Catalysts” has been systematically optimized through the introduction of key variables, including ammonia-assisted impregnation and support pretreatment. Through a complete experimental workflow encompassing catalyst preparation, performance evaluation, temperature-programmed reduction characterization, and physical/chemical adsorption measurements, students gain practical insights into how support purification via acid-washing and ammonia-assisted impregnation for enhanced metal dispersion significantly improves the catalytic performance of Ni/SiO2. This approach enables students to comprehensively understand the multifaceted factors influencing catalytic performance and stimulates their interest in exploring the complex mechanisms of catalytic chemistry. The enhanced experiment effectively addresses the limitations of traditional experiments, such as content monotony and insufficient comparative dimensions, demonstrating excellent efficacy in teaching practice.
The comprehensive chemistry experiment titled “Selective Oxidation of Methane over Supported Nickel-Based Catalysts” has been systematically optimized through the introduction of key variables, including ammonia-assisted impregnation and support pretreatment. Through a complete experimental workflow encompassing catalyst preparation, performance evaluation, temperature-programmed reduction characterization, and physical/chemical adsorption measurements, students gain practical insights into how support purification via acid-washing and ammonia-assisted impregnation for enhanced metal dispersion significantly improves the catalytic performance of Ni/SiO2. This approach enables students to comprehensively understand the multifaceted factors influencing catalytic performance and stimulates their interest in exploring the complex mechanisms of catalytic chemistry. The enhanced experiment effectively addresses the limitations of traditional experiments, such as content monotony and insufficient comparative dimensions, demonstrating excellent efficacy in teaching practice.
2025, 40(11): 337-345
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502083
Abstract:
The incorporation of cutting-edge research achievements into undergraduate laboratory courses represents an effective approach to enhance students’ practical skills and innovative capacities. Herein, we report the rational design and synthesis of a tetraphenylethylene-based aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active organic cage molecule (TPE-Cage) through dynamic covalent chemistry. Comprehensive characterization was performed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass (MALDI-TOF-MS) spectroscopy for structural verification, along with UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy to investigate its photophysical properties. This integrated experiment features innovative molecular architecture design, highly reproducible synthetic routes, and visually distinctive luminescent phenomena. As a well-designed teaching module, it effectively stimulates students’ scientific curiosity, bridges theoretical knowledge with practical implementation, and cultivates research-oriented thinking and innovation capabilities.
The incorporation of cutting-edge research achievements into undergraduate laboratory courses represents an effective approach to enhance students’ practical skills and innovative capacities. Herein, we report the rational design and synthesis of a tetraphenylethylene-based aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active organic cage molecule (TPE-Cage) through dynamic covalent chemistry. Comprehensive characterization was performed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass (MALDI-TOF-MS) spectroscopy for structural verification, along with UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy to investigate its photophysical properties. This integrated experiment features innovative molecular architecture design, highly reproducible synthetic routes, and visually distinctive luminescent phenomena. As a well-designed teaching module, it effectively stimulates students’ scientific curiosity, bridges theoretical knowledge with practical implementation, and cultivates research-oriented thinking and innovation capabilities.
2025, 40(11): 346-353
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202506078
Abstract:
The National Demonstration Center for Chemistry Experiment Teaching at Northwest University has developed an innovative laboratory safety management system grounded in the tripartite concept of “education as foundation, access control as threshold, and supervision as safeguard”. This integrated “Education-Access-Supervision” framework has successfully transformed laboratory safety management from reactive response to proactive prevention. Comprehensive safety education establishes fundamental knowledge, stringent access policies define mandatory requirements, while real-time monitoring creates a comprehensive safety network. This model not only significantly enhances safety management efficacy but also cultivates safety awareness among faculty and students through continuous educational initiatives and intelligent regulatory mechanisms. Serving as a replicable paradigm for academic institutions, it effectively supports the advancement of high-quality teaching and research activities.
The National Demonstration Center for Chemistry Experiment Teaching at Northwest University has developed an innovative laboratory safety management system grounded in the tripartite concept of “education as foundation, access control as threshold, and supervision as safeguard”. This integrated “Education-Access-Supervision” framework has successfully transformed laboratory safety management from reactive response to proactive prevention. Comprehensive safety education establishes fundamental knowledge, stringent access policies define mandatory requirements, while real-time monitoring creates a comprehensive safety network. This model not only significantly enhances safety management efficacy but also cultivates safety awareness among faculty and students through continuous educational initiatives and intelligent regulatory mechanisms. Serving as a replicable paradigm for academic institutions, it effectively supports the advancement of high-quality teaching and research activities.
2025, 40(11): 354-361
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202506059
Abstract:
This study presents a transition-metal-free, hypervalent iodine-mediated oxidative sulfonamidation of sulfenamides for the efficient and rapid synthesis of sulfinamidines. Designed as an advanced undergraduate laboratory experiment, this comprehensive protocol encompasses substrate preparation, reaction monitoring, product purification, and structural characterization. The experiment systematically enhances students’ core competencies in organic synthesis and structural analysis while stimulating scientific curiosity through exposure to original research. By integrating innovative findings with practical training, it effectively cultivates students’ experimental skills, innovative thinking, and research capabilities, providing solid foundation for developing interdisciplinary talents. The pedagogical value of this experiment has been successfully validated in undergraduate teaching laboratories.
This study presents a transition-metal-free, hypervalent iodine-mediated oxidative sulfonamidation of sulfenamides for the efficient and rapid synthesis of sulfinamidines. Designed as an advanced undergraduate laboratory experiment, this comprehensive protocol encompasses substrate preparation, reaction monitoring, product purification, and structural characterization. The experiment systematically enhances students’ core competencies in organic synthesis and structural analysis while stimulating scientific curiosity through exposure to original research. By integrating innovative findings with practical training, it effectively cultivates students’ experimental skills, innovative thinking, and research capabilities, providing solid foundation for developing interdisciplinary talents. The pedagogical value of this experiment has been successfully validated in undergraduate teaching laboratories.
2025, 40(11): 362-368
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202502003
Abstract:
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) occupies a pivotal position in the field of instrumental analysis. Nevertheless, current university courses in instrumental analysis often lack in-depth exploration of the intricate structure of stationary phases and the critical variables in the van Deemter equation that influence separation efficiency. This paper examines organic polymer monolithic columns prepared through traditional free radical polymerization and click polymerization methods, analyzing how their structure and morphology affect the A, B, and C terms of the van Deemter equation. The aim is to enhance students' understanding of the fundamental principles underlying the van Deemter equation.
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) occupies a pivotal position in the field of instrumental analysis. Nevertheless, current university courses in instrumental analysis often lack in-depth exploration of the intricate structure of stationary phases and the critical variables in the van Deemter equation that influence separation efficiency. This paper examines organic polymer monolithic columns prepared through traditional free radical polymerization and click polymerization methods, analyzing how their structure and morphology affect the A, B, and C terms of the van Deemter equation. The aim is to enhance students' understanding of the fundamental principles underlying the van Deemter equation.
2025, 40(11): 369-375
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412087
Abstract:
In the study of physical chemistry, students frequently face challenges in effectively comprehending and systematically organizing thermodynamic equations. These difficulties stem from both a limited depth of understanding of the formulas and the inherent complexity of thermodynamic theory, particularly the intricate interrelationships among the eight state functions. This paper examines the relationships between the eight state equations in thermodynamics and introduces a novel approach for their rapid memorization and mastery. The study focuses on three key aspects: thermodynamic fundamental equations, corresponding coefficient relations, and Maxwell relations. Specifically, it presents an innovative inverted “∏” graphic mnemonic technique complemented by instructional animation videos. Through the implementation of these advanced teaching strategies and memory aids, this research aims to enhance students' comprehension and retention of thermodynamic equations, thereby improving learning outcomes and establishing a solid foundation in thermodynamics.
In the study of physical chemistry, students frequently face challenges in effectively comprehending and systematically organizing thermodynamic equations. These difficulties stem from both a limited depth of understanding of the formulas and the inherent complexity of thermodynamic theory, particularly the intricate interrelationships among the eight state functions. This paper examines the relationships between the eight state equations in thermodynamics and introduces a novel approach for their rapid memorization and mastery. The study focuses on three key aspects: thermodynamic fundamental equations, corresponding coefficient relations, and Maxwell relations. Specifically, it presents an innovative inverted “∏” graphic mnemonic technique complemented by instructional animation videos. Through the implementation of these advanced teaching strategies and memory aids, this research aims to enhance students' comprehension and retention of thermodynamic equations, thereby improving learning outcomes and establishing a solid foundation in thermodynamics.
2025, 40(11): 376-381
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412127
Abstract:
On the basis of BOPPPS teaching mode, “colligative properties of dilute solutions” of Physical Chemistry course was designed and implemented in teaching practice, which could effectively enhances student engagement and learning motivation through the strategic integration of six core modules and the comprehensive application of participatory learning methodologies. In addition, the Rain Classroom technology was combined in the BOPPPS mode to facilitate the real-time interactive learning experiences. Furthermore, the course seamlessly integrates ideological and political education elements through subtle and natural pedagogical approaches. This case study provides a practical reference for effective instructional design in Physical Chemistry teaching.
On the basis of BOPPPS teaching mode, “colligative properties of dilute solutions” of Physical Chemistry course was designed and implemented in teaching practice, which could effectively enhances student engagement and learning motivation through the strategic integration of six core modules and the comprehensive application of participatory learning methodologies. In addition, the Rain Classroom technology was combined in the BOPPPS mode to facilitate the real-time interactive learning experiences. Furthermore, the course seamlessly integrates ideological and political education elements through subtle and natural pedagogical approaches. This case study provides a practical reference for effective instructional design in Physical Chemistry teaching.
2025, 40(11): 382-390
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412055
Abstract:
Cultural relics, as an integral part of cultural and natural heritage, play a significant role in the construction of Chinese-style modernization. Their systematic protection spans multiple disciplines, including chemistry and chemical engineering, materials science, testing and analysis, historical archaeology, and art appreciation. This aligns with the STEAM education philosophy, which emphasizes the interdisciplinary integration of science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics. This paper focuses on unearthed ceramics, bronze artifacts, and reproduced wall paintings as case studies. Through a teaching model that integrates chemistry, history, and art, students are guided to understand relevant chemical knowledge while engaging in the systematic protection of cultural relics. The approach connects historical knowledge and artistic value embedded in traditional cultural relics, aiming to enhance students’ understanding of Chinese cultural heritage, foster a sense of belonging to Chinese culture, strengthen their confidence in science, technology, and culture, and cultivate comprehensive qualities and abilities.
Cultural relics, as an integral part of cultural and natural heritage, play a significant role in the construction of Chinese-style modernization. Their systematic protection spans multiple disciplines, including chemistry and chemical engineering, materials science, testing and analysis, historical archaeology, and art appreciation. This aligns with the STEAM education philosophy, which emphasizes the interdisciplinary integration of science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics. This paper focuses on unearthed ceramics, bronze artifacts, and reproduced wall paintings as case studies. Through a teaching model that integrates chemistry, history, and art, students are guided to understand relevant chemical knowledge while engaging in the systematic protection of cultural relics. The approach connects historical knowledge and artistic value embedded in traditional cultural relics, aiming to enhance students’ understanding of Chinese cultural heritage, foster a sense of belonging to Chinese culture, strengthen their confidence in science, technology, and culture, and cultivate comprehensive qualities and abilities.
2025, 40(11): 391-396
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412089
Abstract:
Academician Li Zheng-Ming was a renowned educationist, chemist, and expert in pesticide science in China. On the third anniversary of Professor Li’s passing, the Li Zheng-Ming Scholarship donation and the inaugural award ceremony were held at Nankai University. This article introduces Professor Li Zheng-Ming’s educationalist ethos and scientific spirit through several typical examples, highlighting his unwavering patriotic beliefs and selfless dedication. By learning about Professor Li’s remarkable deeds, young students can gain a deeper understanding of the strong patriotism held by earlier generations of scientists. This article aims to inspire contemporary college students to cultivate patriotic ideals and beliefs, enhance their awareness and ability for independent innovation, and dedicate themselves to contributing to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Academician Li Zheng-Ming was a renowned educationist, chemist, and expert in pesticide science in China. On the third anniversary of Professor Li’s passing, the Li Zheng-Ming Scholarship donation and the inaugural award ceremony were held at Nankai University. This article introduces Professor Li Zheng-Ming’s educationalist ethos and scientific spirit through several typical examples, highlighting his unwavering patriotic beliefs and selfless dedication. By learning about Professor Li’s remarkable deeds, young students can gain a deeper understanding of the strong patriotism held by earlier generations of scientists. This article aims to inspire contemporary college students to cultivate patriotic ideals and beliefs, enhance their awareness and ability for independent innovation, and dedicate themselves to contributing to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
2025, 40(11): 397-401
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412008
Abstract:
With advancements in educational technology, contact angle measurement instruments have become extensively utilized in classroom instruction. Beyond theoretical teaching, these instruments enable students to master material surface characterization through hands-on experimentation and case study analysis. Investigating the pedagogical applications of contact angle measurement instrument holds significant importance for enhancing instructional strategies, fostering students’ innovative thinking, and cultivating high-quality professionals with both practical competencies and research literacy.
With advancements in educational technology, contact angle measurement instruments have become extensively utilized in classroom instruction. Beyond theoretical teaching, these instruments enable students to master material surface characterization through hands-on experimentation and case study analysis. Investigating the pedagogical applications of contact angle measurement instrument holds significant importance for enhancing instructional strategies, fostering students’ innovative thinking, and cultivating high-quality professionals with both practical competencies and research literacy.
2025, 40(11): 402-408
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202505045
Abstract:
Calorimetry experiments are classic thermodynamic investigations in physical chemistry laboratory courses, serving to verify the law of energy conservation and determine enthalpy changes. However, conventional manual operations are characterized by inefficient data acquisition and laborious processing procedures. To address these limitations, we developed a Python-based software featuring a graphical user interface (GUI) specifically designed for calorimetric experiments in undergraduate chemistry education. This software integrates comprehensive functionalities including real-time data acquisition, intelligent processing, and visualization capabilities, facilitating the digital transformation of both dissolution and combustion calorimetry experiments. The software acquires real-time temperature difference data via serial communication modules, executes Reynolds correction and thermodynamic calculations using scientific computing libraries, and displays experimental data in real-time through an interactive interface. Implementation results demonstrate that the software reduces experimental operation time by approximately 30% and frees up instructional time, creating more opportunities for in-depth exploration of thermodynamic principles. This innovation effectively shifts the instructional focus from basic operational training to deep understanding of thermodynamic principles, and establishes a “Foundation-Engagement-Innovation” three-tier training system, providing a replicable technical path for the digital transformation of experimental teaching in higher education institutions.
Calorimetry experiments are classic thermodynamic investigations in physical chemistry laboratory courses, serving to verify the law of energy conservation and determine enthalpy changes. However, conventional manual operations are characterized by inefficient data acquisition and laborious processing procedures. To address these limitations, we developed a Python-based software featuring a graphical user interface (GUI) specifically designed for calorimetric experiments in undergraduate chemistry education. This software integrates comprehensive functionalities including real-time data acquisition, intelligent processing, and visualization capabilities, facilitating the digital transformation of both dissolution and combustion calorimetry experiments. The software acquires real-time temperature difference data via serial communication modules, executes Reynolds correction and thermodynamic calculations using scientific computing libraries, and displays experimental data in real-time through an interactive interface. Implementation results demonstrate that the software reduces experimental operation time by approximately 30% and frees up instructional time, creating more opportunities for in-depth exploration of thermodynamic principles. This innovation effectively shifts the instructional focus from basic operational training to deep understanding of thermodynamic principles, and establishes a “Foundation-Engagement-Innovation” three-tier training system, providing a replicable technical path for the digital transformation of experimental teaching in higher education institutions.
2025, 40(11): 409-415
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412034
Abstract:
During the experiment “Preparation and Calibration of Sodium Thiosulfate Standard Solution”, a significant amount of yellowish precipitation was unintentionally formed during the titration process by a freshman, due to the use of undiluted sodium thiosulfate solution. After conducting independent investigations, the students successfully reproduced the observed phenomenon and controlled the system’s pH to approximately 5, thereby preparing a relatively stable sulfur colloid system. Through additional literature research, estimation, and analysis, the students inferred the composition of the precipitate and hypothesized a homogeneous nucleation process for the precipitation of sulfur. Finally, based on their comparison, they recommended using sulfur colloid as a substitute for the traditional Fe(OH)3 colloid in experimental teaching and classroom demonstrations.
During the experiment “Preparation and Calibration of Sodium Thiosulfate Standard Solution”, a significant amount of yellowish precipitation was unintentionally formed during the titration process by a freshman, due to the use of undiluted sodium thiosulfate solution. After conducting independent investigations, the students successfully reproduced the observed phenomenon and controlled the system’s pH to approximately 5, thereby preparing a relatively stable sulfur colloid system. Through additional literature research, estimation, and analysis, the students inferred the composition of the precipitate and hypothesized a homogeneous nucleation process for the precipitation of sulfur. Finally, based on their comparison, they recommended using sulfur colloid as a substitute for the traditional Fe(OH)3 colloid in experimental teaching and classroom demonstrations.
2025, 40(11): 416-420
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412138
Abstract:
This paper presents the conceptual framework behind the design of inorganic and analytical chemistry experiment questions for the 13th National Undergraduate Chemistry Experiment Competition Finals. It also provides an analysis of the primary issues encountered during the experimental procedures and evaluates the performance outcomes.
This paper presents the conceptual framework behind the design of inorganic and analytical chemistry experiment questions for the 13th National Undergraduate Chemistry Experiment Competition Finals. It also provides an analysis of the primary issues encountered during the experimental procedures and evaluates the performance outcomes.
2025, 40(11): 421-426
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412126
Abstract:
This paper presents an overview of the National Chemistry Experiment Competition for College Students, with particular focus on the 13th finals. It introduces the design principles behind the theoretical examination questions and provides a comprehensive analysis of participants’ performance, highlighting the common challenges identified through their responses.
This paper presents an overview of the National Chemistry Experiment Competition for College Students, with particular focus on the 13th finals. It introduces the design principles behind the theoretical examination questions and provides a comprehensive analysis of participants’ performance, highlighting the common challenges identified through their responses.
2025, 40(11): 427-434
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412125
Abstract:
Porphyrin compounds, as naturally occurring nitrogen-containing heterocyclic functional molecules, hold significant importance in both natural systems and life sciences. The organic chemistry experiment designed for the 13th National Undergraduate Chemistry Experiment Competition Finals specifically focused on the synthesis of 5-phenyl-dipyrromethane, a fundamental structural unit for constructing diverse porphyrin compounds. In this experiment, students were required to synthesize the target molecule through a one-step condensation reaction of benzaldehyde and pyrrole solvent, using indium trichloride as the catalyst. The competition results revealed that while students demonstrated proficiency in basic laboratory techniques such as simple distillation, instrument assembly, and thin layer chromatography (TLC) monitoring, certain aspects of their fundamental experimental skills still require improvement. Furthermore, the majority of participants exhibited limited understanding of the catalytic mechanism of indium trichloride. These findings underscore the necessity of emphasizing both basic experimental skill development and the integration of theoretical knowledge with practical operations in future experimental instruction.
Porphyrin compounds, as naturally occurring nitrogen-containing heterocyclic functional molecules, hold significant importance in both natural systems and life sciences. The organic chemistry experiment designed for the 13th National Undergraduate Chemistry Experiment Competition Finals specifically focused on the synthesis of 5-phenyl-dipyrromethane, a fundamental structural unit for constructing diverse porphyrin compounds. In this experiment, students were required to synthesize the target molecule through a one-step condensation reaction of benzaldehyde and pyrrole solvent, using indium trichloride as the catalyst. The competition results revealed that while students demonstrated proficiency in basic laboratory techniques such as simple distillation, instrument assembly, and thin layer chromatography (TLC) monitoring, certain aspects of their fundamental experimental skills still require improvement. Furthermore, the majority of participants exhibited limited understanding of the catalytic mechanism of indium trichloride. These findings underscore the necessity of emphasizing both basic experimental skill development and the integration of theoretical knowledge with practical operations in future experimental instruction.
